At a recent sanitation roundtable discussion at the Observer Research Foundation (ORF), a public policy think tank in Mumbai, Chairman Sudheendra Kulkarni said that Mahatma Gandhi believed sanitation was more important than political independence. In 2010, the UN declared access to sanitation a human right. Despite the increased emphasis, says Dhaval Desai, a senior researcher at ORF, the two are rarely linked. “If one agrees that there is a connect between lack of access to clean and hygienic sanitation and global statistics on poverty, malnutrition, infant mortality, maternal health, diseases, education, and gender, then it is impossible to deny sanitation as an intrinsic human rights issue.” Desai, who specializes in water and sanitation issues, discussed with us the importance of this human rights issue and some promising ways forward. Read more or join the discussion.
Submitted by Carlin Carr — Mon, 12/09/2013 – 00:00
এইচআইভি/এইডসের সার্বিক প্রকোপ বাংলাদেশে এখনো নিম্ন, ১% এরও কম জনসংখ্যা এই রোগে আক্রান্ত হয়। তবে, ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ আচরণের উচ্চ প্রকোপ, যেমন,যৌনকর্মী এবং তাদের ক্লায়েন্টের মধ্যে অরক্ষিত যৌন-সঙ্গম এবং মাদক ব্যবহারকারীদের মধ্যে সুচ ভাগাভাগির সঙ্গে মিলিত হয়ে প্রতিবেশী দেশে (যেমন থাইল্যান্ড হিসাবে) এই ধরনের রোগের সূচকীয় বিস্তার, বাংলাদেশকে ভবিষ্যতে এইচআইভি মহামারীর উচ্চ ঝুঁকিতে রাখে।এই ঝুঁকি উপাদান ছাড়াও, বাংলাদেশের উচ্চ জনসংখ্যার ঘনত্ব, অত্যন্ত নিম্নমানের জীবনযাপন, কম উৎপাদনশীলতা, বেকারত্ব, এবং লিঙ্গ বৈষম্যের উপস্থিতি ও এইচআইভি সংক্রমণে উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা রাখে। Read more or discuss.
The overall prevalence of HIV/AIDS is low in Bangladesh, as less than 1 percent of the population is infected. However, the high incidence of risky behaviors, such as unprotected sex between sex workers and their clients, and needle-sharing among drug users, coupled with the exponential spread of the disease in neighboring countries (such as Thailand), puts Bangladesh at high risk for a future HIV epidemic. In addition to these risk factors, the high population density, extremely low living standards, unemployment, and gender inequality present in Bangladesh are underlying contributors to HIV infection. Read more or discuss.
Submitted by Editor — Mon, 12/02/2013 – 00:00
De acuerdo a Juan José Calva, en el artículo “25 años de SIDA en México,” uno de los ejemplos mundiales en los países en desarrollo es Brasil, que ha logrado brindar acceso universal a tratamientos de terapia antirretroviral en su población afectada por el VIH/SIDA. El éxito en esta cobertura ha dependido de tres factores: el compromiso oficial a través de la legislación para asegurar que todos los ciudadanos que lo requieran reciban la terapia, la capacidad del sector público para manufacturar medicamentos, y una enérgica acción de la sociedad civil. Leer más o discutir.
In the article “25 Years of AIDS in Mexico,” Juan José Calva takes Brazil as a prime example of a developing country that has been able to provide universal access to antiretroviral therapeutic treatments for the population affected by HIV/AIDS. The success of this medical coverage has depended on three factors: the official legal commitment assuring that all citizens who need treatment will receive it, the capacity of the public sector to manufacture drugs, and a strong civil society. Read more or discuss.
Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 12/02/2013 – 00:00
According to the 2010 sentinel survey of Nigeria, Lagos has an HIV prevalence rate of 5.1 percent. The survey shows that the majority of the state’s HIV presence is in urban areas; the rural prevalence is only 1.3 percent. In light of the high and growing HIV prevalence in Lagos, a number of agencies, private firms and civil society organisations are working hard to spread the word about HIV prevention and to care for patients. Read more or join the discussion.
Submitted by Wura — Mon, 12/02/2013 – 00:00
Colombia no ha escapado del castigo del HIV. Según datos del Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SIVIGILA), al que deben ser reportados todos los casos identificados, desde el año 1983 hasta el 2011, último del que se disponen datos completos, se conocen 86.990 casos de HIV/Sida, de los cuales 10.676 han fallecido. En Bogotá se han detectado hasta septiembre del 2013 23.330 casos, un 40 por ciento del total a nivel nacional. Sin embargo, es importante destacar que esto se debe a su elevada población, como lo ilustra que en el 2011 se reportaron 8,7 casos por 100.000 habitantes, mientras 8 departamentos superaban 20 casos por 100.000 habitantes, y los dos en cabeza, Barranquilla y Quindío superaban 30. Leer más o discutir.
Colombia has not escaped the devastating consequences of the AIDS epidemic. According to the Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (Epidemiology Watch Service, SIVIGILA), there have been 86,990 cases of diagnosed HIV/AIDS from 1983 and 2011, and 10,676 fatalities (reporting HIV/AIDS diagnosis to the SIVIGILA is mandatory). Bogotá registered 23,300 cases from 1983 to September 2013, which is 40 percent of the national total. However, this is due more to the large population of the Colombian capital rather than high rates of infection, as the region recorded only 8.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, while eight other departments recorded over 20 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, and two of them, Barranquilla and Quindío, reported over 30 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Read more or join the discussion.
Submitted by Jorge Bela — Mon, 12/02/2013 – 00:00
The AIDS crisis continues to loom large in India, with more than 2.5 million people infected with HIV. The country has taken steps toward addressing the issue, including launching a National AIDS Control Program. Still, the virus has taken the lives of millions of mothers and fathers, and UNICEF estimates that there could be as many as 4 million children affected in India, including those living with HIV — estimated to number nearly 100,000 — those orphaned by AIDS, and those whose parents are living with HIV. Read more or join the discussion.
Submitted by Carlin Carr — Mon, 12/02/2013 – 00:00
Event: The International Conference on Urban Health 2014
4–7 March 2014 
Manchester, United Kingdom
The International Conference on Urban Health is considered to be the world’s premier international forum for information-exchange among urban health stakeholders. The main objective of ICUH is to gather scientists, practitioners, policy makers and community organizations across disciplines and geographic boundaries from high and low-income settings. Delegates can expect plenary talks from some of the biggest and most influential names in urban health and other related fields, along with workshops and exhibits from organizations across the world of health and beyond. Learn more.
Segundo a Coordenação Nacional de Saúde Mental, Álcool e Outras Drogas, três por cento da população brasileira sofre de transtornos mentais severos que precisam cuidados contínuos e nove por cento da população apresenta transtornos leves que precisam de tratamentos eventuais. Leia mais o discutir.
According to Brazil’s National Coordination of Mental Health, Alcohol, and Other Drugs, three percent of the country’s population suffers from severe mental disorders that require continuous treatment, care, and support, and around nine percent of the population has mild mental disorders that require sporadic treatment. Read more or join the discussion.
Submitted by Catalina Gomez — Mon, 10/07/2013 – 00:00
La situación de los habitantes de la calle se considera como uno de los problemas más complicados de resolver en las grandes ciudades latinoamericanas. Según un censo elaborado en 2011 por la Secretaría de Integración Social (SIS), en Bogotá se identificaron 8.385 habitantes de calle, un 86.9 por ciento de los cuales son hombres, y el 8.4 por ciento son menores de 18 años. El 17.9 por ciento son jóvenes entre 19 y 25 años, y el 38.9 por ciento son adultos entre 26 y 40 , quedando un 32 por ciento, de adultos mayores. Otro dato interesante de este sondeo es que el 58 por ciento se dedica a la recolección de objetos de reciclaje, el 34 por ciento a mendigar, el 28 por ciento a servicios no cualificados y el 10.7 por ciento a delinquir. Aunque es posible que estas cifras no recojan el número total de habitantes de la calle, quizá en una proporción considerable, sí que son reveladores en su estructura demográfica y en sus ocupaciones. Leer más o discutir.
Homelessness is one of the most complex and difficult to address problems in all large Latin American cities. A census led in 2011 by the Secretaría de Integración Social (SIS), found 8,385 homeless people in Bogotá. Of those, 86 percent were male. 8.4 percent were under 18 years old, 17.9 percent between 19 and 25, 38 percent between 26 and 40, and 32 percent were older than 40. As for their occupation, 58 percent were garbage recyclers, 34 percent begged, and 10.7 percent stole and robbed as a form of living. Although it is almost certain that this survey did not register much of the homeless population, it is still quite revealing regarding the population’s demographics and occupation. Read more or join the discussion.
Submitted by Jorge Bela — Mon, 10/07/2013 – 00:00
The issue of mental health stigmatization in Accra is of great concern to individuals, families, civil society groups, and many religious bodies. There is stigmatization about the condition, stigmatization concerning the persons with the condition, and stigma is also attached to the people who work in the area of mental illness. These concerns affect the resources and quality of life of the mentally challenged. In addition, its economic and social impact on the person, the family, and the workers are enormous. Read more or join the discussion.
Submitted by Felix Nyamedor — Mon, 10/07/2013 – 00:00 
Land titles have a big impact on the lives of the poor: without them, residents of informal or marginalized communities are in constant fear of relocation or demolition, and are prevented from benefiting from the land’s productive uses. Housing tenure gives slum residents a guaranteed right to the land and their properties, and enables them to make investments that improve their living conditions. The following articles describe four initiatives in Bogotá, Rio de Janeiro, Johannesburg, and Bangalore that are working to resolve the tricky issue of land titling. Read on to learn more, and then join the discussion below.
Uno de los proyectos mas exitosos dentro de este programa se está realizando en Bogotá. Se trata de un asentamiento informal extendido sobre 70 hectáreas en las localidades Álvaro Uribe Uribe y Suba, y en el que vivían más de 5.000 familias. El proyecto fue lanzado en 2008 y en la actualidad se han entregado ya 4.200 títulos. El proyecto es singular por su tamaño, es el mayor de Colombia, y por el alto porcentaje de éxito conseguido con el mismo. Alejandro Quintero, coordinador del Grupo de Titulación y Saneamiento Predial del Ministerio de Vivienda considera que el proyecto constituye un modelo a seguir en otras ciudades, y ya tienen previsto aplicarlo en a Cúcuta y Melgar.
Minha Casa Minha Vida está focado em apoiar famílias de baixa renda na aquisição de moradia nova e na provisão do seu título de posse. O programa foi criado em 2009 e conta com a liderança e financiamento do Ministério das Cidades. Este ministério tem construído mais de um milhão de unidades habitacionais no Brasil e tem previsão de entregar mais dois milhões até 2014. Especificamente no Rio, Minha Casa Minha Vida é liderado em parceria pelas secretarias de habitação dos governos estadual e municipal; até hoje já fizeram entrega de mais de 60 mil moradias novas construídas em espaços regularizados, garantindo condições legais, habitacionais e ambientais adequadas.
Reflecting global trends over the last decade, however, a more flexible approach is also emerging, as represented by the Urban LandMark (Urban Land Markets Programme Southern Africa) programme, which advocates for opening up more officially recognised channels of land supply as a primary means for improving the pro-poor access to and functioning of urban land markets, and the benefits that flow from it. Based in Pretoria, the programme was set up in 2006 with funding from the UK’s Department for International Development (UKaid), and is now hosted at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in South Africa.
A third important — though not emphasised — aspect of the incremental approach is the potential role accorded to space; for recognising local practices also means engaging the socio-spatial relationships that underpin them. Since municipal registers of informal settlement occupants have already been found to play a role in the land market, by linking it to the actual spaces through which practice occurs (e.g. layout plans), they may become an important hybrid resource for tenure security, and economic and social functions.
Yet housing tenure is a complicated issue. India’s most recent policy to tackle urban poverty and create “slum-free cities,” Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY), recognizes the importance of tenure in creating inclusive cities, but has run into obstacles. RAY’s main tenet is “the security of tenure through entitlement.” In order to enforce this, the policy states that no Central Government support will be given to states which do not give legal entitlement to slum dwellers. The progressive mandate, however, has been less than well received from local governments, leaving RAY in a state of stagnation. “Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) has failed to take off, with states expressing reluctance to comply with mandatory provisions for availing central funds under the scheme such as according property rights to slum dwellers and earmarking 25% of the municipal budget for spending in colonies and slums where the urban poor live,” says a 2012 article in the Hindustan Times. Policymakers have had to revisit the strict mandates to encourage movement with the scheme.
“Mafalala is the capital of Maputo,” Ivan told me the first time we met in Mafalala, Maputo’s oldest township. As in many other informal settlements, the population of Mafalala (21,000 inhabitants) lives in severely disadvantaged conditions, with insufficient and inadequate basic services and infrastructure, inadequate houses and social services, acute security and health problems, and high unemployment levels. Mafalala is, however, also a place of national pride and collective identity, with a rich history infused with the struggle for independence, a landscape marked by colorful historic corrugated iron and wood houses, and a multicultural population that live together in mutual respect for each others’ traditions. Read more.
Sebagai ibukota negara dengan penduduk sekitar 10 juta jiwa, Jakarta menjadi kota dengan kepadatan lalu lintas yang tinggi. Kemacetan menjadi pemandangan sehari-hari bagi warga Jakarta. Meskipun begitu, transportasi publik tetap menjadi pilihan warga Jakarta untuk beraktifitas sehari-hari. Baca lebih lanjut.
Anyone comparing countries can quickly conclude there isn’t a direct fixed relationship between economic growth and quality public services. Per capita income can be terrible while total national income is high. Economic growth can be high yet maintain widespread inequality. This is not a sustainable way to run a country, yet this is how things are and have always been done in Brazil, the last country in the Americas to abolish slavery and today the world’s 7th largest economy where 21% of the population is still under the poverty line. Brazil today is 106th in GDP per capita. We also rank among the worst in inequality, at number 17, although this is a significant improvement over the 1st place position we occupied two decades ago. Read more.
Last week, protestors in Istanbul’s Taksim Square took to the streets to stop their time-honored public meeting space from becoming a shopping mall. The city, they say, has been increasingly swallowed up by privatization and commercialization; parks and open spaces have essentially disappeared. The redevelopment story is one that Indian cities know too well. Read more or join the discussion.
A city as dynamic as Rio de Janeiro requires a similarly dynamic and effective set of institutions to plan, build, supervise, and maintain local public infrastructure. From roads and viaducts to schools and health centers, the Municipal Secretariat of Public Works (Secretaria Municipal de Obras) is the institution in charge of overseeing construction, reform, and maintenance of all of Rio’s public infrastructure. For example, it is responsible for the functioning of 380,000 street lights, as well as prevention work against floods. Read more or join the discussion.
The growth of informal areas in Cairo began under Nasser’s socialist reform policies that changed land ownership titles and rent control laws to provide agricultural land to small farmers. These reforms were designed as a means to protect the interests of the poor in urban areas, and were structured in a way for ownership to pass through three generations, making it virtually impossible for legal changes in land function. However, with almost no new affordable housing units for the poor, it became more profitable for landowners to build informally on these agricultural lands, leading to the growth of informal communities around the city. The government turned a blind eye to these informal communities, as they could not supply enough units to meet the growing demand for affordable housing in Cairo. These illegal settlements built on the agricultural lands were therefore not connected to the city grid, meaning that they lacked access to water, sewage, electricity, gas, and even postal services. Read more or join the discussion.
Under the guardianship of Sandyawan Sumardi, a social activist, a poor community living on the riverbank of Ciliwung River in the most crowded area of Jakarta has been struggling to regain its human rights. Ciliwung is the name of the river that run through Jakarta and brings floods during the rainy season, as the mountainous areas above Jakarta turn from forest and water reservoir into beautiful villas for the rich. Amidst economic hardship and dire environmental conditions, this poor and vulnerable community is has set up “Ciliwung Merdeka,” or Free Ciliwung, a mobilizing platform to voice their social and political aspirations as members of the city and as Indonesian citizens. Read more.
Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) pertama kali ditemukan pada tahun 1968 di DKI Jakarta dan Surabaya dan hingga kini telah menyebar ke seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Kasus demam berdarah di Indonesia merupakan nomor dua tertinggi di dunia dan tertinggi di wilayah Asia Tenggara dengan angka kematian mencapai 1.125 kasus di tahun 2011. Baca lebih lanjut atau bergabung dalam diskusi.
Pada awalnya Waduk Pluit memiliki luas 80 hektare. Sekarang luas waduk tersebut menyusut menjadi 60 hektare. Penyebabnya, 20 hektare luas waduk telah disesaki bangunan ilegal. Luas genangan waduk diperkirakan berkurang dari 80 hektar menjadi sekitar 60 hektar akibat maraknya hunian liar. Waduk juga dipenuhi sampah dan limbah buangan rumah tangga. Dampak berikutnya, terjadilah pendangkalan akibat sedimentasi. Dari kedalaman awal sekitar 20 meter, kedalaman rata-rata waduk seluas 80 hektar itu hanya berkisar 1-5 meter. Baca lebih lanjut.
Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) Kelurahan Tengah berlokasi tak jauh dari Pasar Induk Kramat Jati. Tepatnya di pemukiman padat penduduk, RT 06/RW 10 Kelurahan Tengah, Kecamatan Kramat Jati, Jakarta Timur. Di lahan yang tidak terlalu luas, tumbuh berbagai macam tanaman pangan maupun tanaman obat. Sebagian besar perempuan di wilayah itu bekerja sebagai pengupas bawang merah. Bawang merah yang sudah dikupas harganya lebih mahal, mereka kemudian menjualnya di Pasar Induk Kramat Jati. Baca lebih lanjut atau bergabung dalam diskusi.
Tidak seperti di negara-negara maju, anak sekolah di Indonesia umumnya tidak mendapatkan makan siang disekolah melainkan lebih sering membeli jajanan (street snack). Padahal usia anak sekolah adalah usia yang memerlukan gizi dan nutrisi yang cukup untuk tumbuh dan berkembang. Sudah menjadi rahasia umum bahwa jajanan di sekolah bukanlah makanan sehat, bahkan cenderung berbahaya bagi kesehatan, namun tetap saja jajanan ini digemari dan dibeli hampir setiap hari oleh anak-anak sekolah tersebut. Jajanan yang digemari anak-anak ini umumnya berwarna mencolok, rasanya gurih atau sangat manis dan harganya murah. Namun sayangnya para pedagang kurang memperhatikan kebersihan dan kandungan nutrisi dalam jajanan-jajanan tersebut, sehingga tidak jarang mereka menggunakan zat-zat yang berbahaya seperti pewarna pakaian, MSG dan pengawet. Baca lebih lanjut atau bergabung dalam diskusi.
Rio de Janeiro has fairly good water service coverage, with only 1,5 percent of the city’s 32,908 households lacking proper service. The city has also made important improvements regarding sewer coverage in the past decade. According to Rio Como Vamos, in 2000 21 percent of the city’s households didn’t have sewer services, while ten years later, only five percent did not. Read more or join the discussion.
Compared to other countries in the Middle East and North Africa, Egypt is much better off with regards to access to freshwater resources, primarily thanks to the Nile. With the majority of the country’s population densely situated along the river basin, government statistics show that 99 percent of the country’s population has access to water, and access in urban areas is 100 percent. However, these statistics drown the many other political, social and economic issues that surround the water sector. Read more or join the discussion.
Water has always been a source of great challenge as well as distress for the resident of Dhaka, a city of 15 million people. Growing populations result in ground water depletion and increasing pollution, which leads to a lack of surface water usability. These factors make water issues acute for the DWASA, the main government water supplier. The intensity of the problem deepens when it comes to the slum and squatter residents, who have little or no DWASA water supply because they live in unstable and illegal settlements. In addition to a crisis of access, the quality of DWASA water (bad smell, microorganisms, presence of ammonia and arsenic, excessive chlorination) poses a great threat to people’s health. Read more or join the discussion.
In March 1998, 500 three-wheeled keke vehicles first appeared on the streets of Lagos. Bright yellow in color, powered by a motorcycle engine, balanced on three thick wheels and covered by a metal half-shell replete with plastic windows, the city’s most innovative transport mode was introduced by then Governor Mohammed Buba Marwa. The vehicle came to be known colloquially as keke marwa: Keke being the Hausa word for “tricycle,” (Marwa’s native tongue); and Marwa being the surname of the governor himself. Read more or join the discussion.
The Kenyan Traffic (Amendment) Act 2012 came into force at the end of last November amidst widespread Public Service Vehicle (PSV) worker strikes and scepticism as to how effective it would be. The objectives of the introduced regulations were to minimize carnage on the roads by imposing steep penalties for those who commit traffic offences or engage in reckless driving. The main targets for the new penalties are the 14-seater PSVs — commonly known as matatus. These mini vans are widely considered to be the main source of Nairobi’s traffic delirium, and calls to do something about them have been mounting over time. Read more or join the discussion.
Mumbai’s millions of commuters rely on a woefully outdated public transportation system. The two-and-only rail lines carry more than 7.24 million people every day. The dangerously overcrowded Mumbai locals, while surprisingly fast and frequent, have become increasingly life-threatening. An average of 12 people die every day on the suburban tracks. Any commuter who can afford to buy a car does so, leaving a traffic-tangled mess of cars, rickshaws, taxis, and worn-out busses on the dusty streets. The resulting emissions concerns have reached alarming rates as well. Read more or join the discussion.
Hoy en día el proceso de concentración de la población en las áreas externas de la Ciudad, como respuesta a la concentración humana, industrial, comercial y financiera, ha provocado cambios importantes en los patrones de viajes de la movilidad del D.F.. Mientras que en la década de los ochentas los viajes tenían origen y destino en las mismas Delegaciones, actualmente las distancias por recorrer son más largas e interdegacionales, inclusive hasta los municipios del Estado de México pertenecientes a la Zona Metropolitana. En este contexto, la administración del Gobierno del Distrito Federal desde el 2006 ha implementado diversas estrategias para transformar la movilidad y sentar las bases de una política pública de transporte integral. Leer más o discutir.
Bogotá ha ganado el premio a liderazgo urbano en su categoría de transporte. Los premios, de los cuales este año se celebra su primera edición, son otorgados por el grupo C40 y por Siemens, a través de su fundación Crystal. El premio de liderazgo en transporte busca identificar proyectos o iniciativas que mejoren la situación medioambiental, medidos en términos de fomento de cambio en los modos de transporte y de la reducción de la emisión de gases causantes del efecto invernadero. Leer más o discutir.
Segundo Rio Como Vamos, a insatisfação dos cariocas com a mobilidade e o transporte público da cidade vem crescendo nos últimos anos. A mais recente pesquisa da Rio Como Vamos foi feita em 2013 previamente aos protestos de Junho. Para compreender aquela insatisfação coletiva é importante conhecer melhor as condições do sistema de transporte público da cidade para identificar suas fraquezas e potenciais soluções. Leia mais o discutir.
বিশ্ব ব্যাংক এক জরিপে বলেছে যে, বাংলাদেশে দরিদ্র (মাথাপিছু আয়২ ডলার) মানুষের সংখ্যা ২৬ শতাংশ কমে গিয়েছে অর্থাৎ যা ২০০০ সালে ছিল ৬,৩০,০০০০০ সেটি ২০১০ সালে কমে ৪,৭০,০০০০০ হয়েছে। যদিও বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক উন্নতি প্রতি বছর ১% করে বাড়ছে তারপরও গরীব ও মধ্যবিত্তের মধ্যে অর্থনৈতিক বৈষম্য এখনো আছে। এই অর্থনৈতিক বৈষম্যতা মধ্যবিত্ত ও গরীবদের মধ্যে সরকার প্রদানকৃত যানবাহন ব্যবস্থার উপর প্রভাব বিস্তার করে। জনাব মান্নান এর মতে, ঢাকার যানবাহন পরিস্থিতি উচ্চ আয়ের পরিবারের জন্য বেশী প্রযোজ্য এবং সুবিধাজনক। ঢাকায় যেসব পরিবারের নিজস্ব মোটরযান আছে তাদের ৬৬% মানুষেরই আয় ৩০,০০০ টাকার বেশী। অন্যদিকে, নিম্ন আয়ের জনগোষ্ঠীর মোটরবিহীন গণপরিবহন ব্যবহার করার প্রবনতা বেশী। এ কারণে এ সমস্ত যানবাহনে অতিরিক্ত ভীড় থাকে; বিশেষ করে মহিলা এবং শিশুদের জন্য এসব যানবাহন ব্যবহার করা অস্বস্তিকর করে পড়ে। সি.এন.জি, নিজস্ব গাড়ী এবং বাস অতিরিক্ত ব্যবহারের কারণে শহুরে জনগোষ্ঠী গণপরিবহনের মান কমিয়ে দিয়েছে; উপরন্তু, রিকশা এবং বাইসাইকেলেরও মান কমে গিয়েছে। Read more or join the discussion.
Mumbai’s commuter woes are as oft discussed as scores to the latest cricket match. They are griped about daily and exchanged with fervor. Gridlock, overcrowded trains, non-existent east-west routes dominate the discussion and so do the controversial solutions on the table: sealinks, flyovers, monorails. Transportation activists such as Rishi Aggarwal, a research fellow at the Observer Research Foundation (ORF) and member of the Mumbai Transport Forum (MTF), says that one of the major issues is that there is no integrated approach to planning, leaving commuters with ad hoc, disconnected systems. Read more or join the discussion.
Lagos is a small city with a large population. Lagos state is the smallest in Nigeria, with an area of 356,861 hectares of which 75,755 hectares are wetlands, yet it has over 5 percent of the national population, making it the most populous state in the nation. The city is overpopulated and still growing, with a growth rate of 8 percent. This issue causes congestion problems in various facets of city life, but most especially in transportation. Lagos is notorious for its heavy traffic, where a 30-minute journey can take two hours on a weekday. Congestion saps the population of energy, contributes to an unhealthy lifestyle, and generally makes for a less productive workforce. Read more or join the discussion.
KOPAJA! Siapa orang Jakarta yang tidak tahu tentang Kopaja. Bis ukuran sedang dengan kapasitas 25 orang yang sering digunakan sebagai angkutan umum oleh masyarakat awam. Ia disukai karena murah dengan tarif Rp 3.000, untuk jarak dekat maupun jauh. Kopaja dimiliki oleh perusahaan penyedia jasa angkutan umum bernama Koperasi Angkutan Jakarta yang telah berdiri sejak 1970an. Masyarakat kecil yang tidak mampu membeli kendaraan pribadi cukup terbantu dengan keberadaan Kopaja dan Metromini yang memiliki rute lengkap dan tersebar di Jakarta Pusat, Barat, Utara, Timur dan Selatan meski dengan kompromi kurangnya rasa nyaman. Karenanya saat ini Pemerintah Jakarta melakukan intervensi terhadap keberadaan Kopaja dengan membantu proses peremajaan bis hingga penyediaan subsidi; menyediakan armada bis baru dan integrasi dengan jalur busway Transjakarta. Baca lebih lanjut atau bergabung dalam diskusi.
Apartheid policies in South Africa made for ineffective cities. Fragmented and segmented, Johannesburg has an ambivalent relationship with public transport. Historically, more affluent, mostly northern white suburbs were provided with extensive transport infrastructure, such as electric trams (1906-48) and later highways (see Fig. 1). By contrast, the denser and poorer black townships, mostly in the south, were provided with limited and marginalised rail and bus public transport (see Fig. 2). Yet out of desperate need by being located far away from major industrial and commercial centres, in the 1970s a mini-bus taxi industry emerged, which has grown to serve approximately 72 percent of all public transport users. Read more or join the discussion.
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) represents one of the many successful south-south relationships in Africa, connecting 15 West African states to promote mobility, trade, and ultimately faster growth of the member nations. These states include Nigeria and Ivory Coast, who have taken their relationships one step further to establish stronger trade ties. Read more or join the discussion.
As our learnings from 2013 illustrate, much progress has been made over the past year with respect to inclusive urban planning and poverty alleviation. But there is still much more to do in 2014. Some cities in the URB.im network will begin work on large-scale “greening” initiatives, such as Cali‘s ambitious Green Corridor project or Jakarta‘s plans to expand green areas by 30 percent. Other cities are experiencing a surge in citizen participation: online activism is transforming urban spaces in São Paulo, and popular protest in India has led to promising reforms that are expected to reduce political corruption. What will it take for initiatives such as these to succeed and grow, and what challenges will confront them? Read on to learn more, and then add your thoughts to the discussion below.
De acordo com a pesquisa “Ativismo Online: 2013 o ano do Brasil,” esse foi o ano que mostrou aumento histórico dessa forma de ativismo no país. Campanhas de sucesso foram capazes de mudar micro-realidades, chamando atenção para causas locais. Ao contrário das caras campanhas mundiais das grandes organizações — como a Greenpeace e o WWF — a tendência atual se refere à escala do cotidiano. Habitantes descobriram nas petições online um canal para participação popular.
P2KH merupakan kolaborasi antara pemerintah pusat, pemerintah kota, masyarakat dan dunia usaha dalam menciptakan kota hijau. Program ini sendiri merupakan tindak lanjut dari 10 Prakarsa Bali dari Forum Sustainable Urban Development (SUD). Kota yang berkomitmen mewujudkan kota hijau dalam kerangka program ini diharuskan menyusun rencana aksi kota hijau (RAKH) yang mulai dijalankan tahun 2012. Sebagai pembagian peran maka dalam hal ini pemerintah pusat wajib memberikan bantuan dan bimbingan teknis, pelatihan dan dukungan program. Untuk pelaksanaan program seperti implementasi fisik, sosialisasi, penjaringan aspirasi masyarakat dan replikasi program menjadi tanggung jawab pemerintah kota bersama dengan masyarakat dan dunia usaha terutama untuk implementasi dan advokasi kegiatan.
Perencanaan pembangunan yang ideal adalah perencanaan yang melibatkan masyarakat dalam prosesnya atau kerap kita kenal dengan sebutan perencanaan partisipatif. Bangsa Indonesia telah menggunakan prinsip tersebut dan melegalkan system perencanaan partisipatif dalam sebuah undang-undang yaitu Undang-undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional yang menyebutkan bahwa setiap proses perencanaan pembangunan dari tingkat desa/kelurahan hingga nasional harus melibatkan partisipasi sebanyak-banyaknya dari masyarakat dalam sebuah forum pertemuan yang disebut Musyawarah Rencana Pembangunan (Musrenbang). Musrenbang merupakan ajang menjaring aspirasi masyarakat melalui pendekatan ‘bottom-up’. Meski demikian, hingga kini keluhan masyarakat tentang belum tertampungnya aspirasi mereka masih terdengar dimana-mana. Baca lebih lanjut atau bergabung dalam diskusi.
Jakarta, seperti kota-kota besar lainnya di Indonesia, dalam perkembangannya mengalami masalah dengan kondisi dualistik. Selain berdiri bangunan-bangunan megah dan moderen, juga berkembang pesat kegiatan Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL) yang beragam jenisnya. Jakarta, dengan tingginya konsumsi masyarakat urban, menjadi magnet bagi PKL untuk mengadu nasib. Baca lebih lanjut atau bergabung dalam diskusi.
Jakarta, sebagai ibukota dan pusat perekonomian di Indonesia, menjadi magnet yang sangat kuat bagi datangnya penduduk dari luar provinsi untuk berpindah ke Jakarta demi mendapatkan kehidupan yang lebih baik. Jumlah pendatang setiap tahunnya mencapai 47ribu orang dan biasanya arus urbanisasi tersebut terjadi setelah hari raya idul fitri. Jumlah pendatang yang tinggi ini tentunya menambah permasalahan perkotaan di Jakarta, antara lain tingginya kepadatan penduduk, munculnya pemukiman liar dan masalah kemacetan. Untuk mengurai masalah-masalah tersebut Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta akan mulai membangun rumah susun sewa (rusunawa) murah untuk kelas menengah ke bawah.
Tigor adalah satu dari ribuan Manusia Gerobak di Jakarta, jumlah ini berlipat jelang bulan puasa. Kadang mereka membawa istri dan anak-anak. Sebagian menetap, sebagian hanya tinggal sementara. Mantan supir angkot trayek Stasiun Belawan-Sambo itu, kini hidup di Jakarta sejak lima tahun lalu. Kecelakaan yang menimpanya, menyebabkan Ia tak lagi bisa mengendarai angkot. Ia memutuskan merantau ke Jakarta, menjadi Manusia Gerobak.
Perilaku hidup sehat dan bersih di kota besar seperti Jakarta memang belum sepenuhnya menjadi kebiasaan. Orang masih suka membuang sampah disembarang tempati, mencuci di sungai, makan makanan tidak sehat, buang air besar di sungai dan perilaku tidak sehat lainnya yang cenderung mengundang penyakit dan mengotori lingkungan. Contohnya adalah kebersihan sanitasi yang kurang terutama di daerah-daerah miskin. Jumlah penduduk yang terus bertambah tidak diiringi dengan tersedianya sanitasi yang memadai mengakibatkan munculnya beragam penyakit seperti diare, disentri, hepatitis A dan lain sebagainya. Untuk itu perilaku hidup sehat dan bersih harus secara terus menerus disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat.
Gubernur terpilih, Joko Widodo punya banyak pekerjaan rumah. Selain soal macet dan transportasi publik yang layak, persoalan air bersih di Jakarta merupakan salah satu persoalan yang mendesak untuk diselesaikan. Persentase rumah tangga yang mengakses air minum layak terutama di perkotaan mengalami tren yang terus menurun. Menurut data Biro Pusat Statistik 2011 pada tahun 1993 sekitar 50 persen penduduk di perkotaan memiliki akses terhadap air minum layak, pada triwulan 2011 persentasenya menjadi 40 persen. Hal ini tentu menjadi perhatian kita bersama apalagi di kota besar seperti Jakarta.
Sejak terpilihnya Jokowi sebagai gubernur, Jakarta terus mengalami pembenahan. Jika dalam masalah pendidikan dan kesehatan, pemerintah provinsi melancarkan gebrakannya melalui kartu Jakarta Sehat dan Jakarta Cerdas – kini kota yang menjadi pusat pemerintahan nasional tersebut juga memperbaiki kotanya melalui tata kelola pemerintahan. Reformasi birokrasi, begitu kiranya istilah yang dapat digunakan untuk mencapai Good Governance. Baca lebih lanjut.