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  • URBim | for just and inclusive cities

    In honor of World AIDS Day (December 1st), this week’s URB.im conversation focuses on the diverse and innovative ways cities around the world are combating HIV/AIDS in response to their unique local contexts. Globally, the spread of HIV is reversing course: UNAIDS reports that new infections have fallen by 33 percent since 2001. Government agencies and NGOs are tackling HIV/AIDS from all different angles, including interventions targeted at orphaned youth with HIV, outreach to eliminate barriers to testing, as well as initiatives to improve treatment for current patients. Read on to learn about some of the strategies being implemented in Chittagong, Bogotá, Bangalore, Lagos, and Mexico City to raise HIV/AIDS awareness and reduce its prevalence, then join the conversation below.

    লেখিকাঃ রুভানি নাগোদা নিসান্সালা, অনুবাদকঃ নুসরাত ইয়াসমিন

    এইচআইভি/এইডসের সার্বিক প্রকোপ বাংলাদেশে এখনো নিম্ন, ১% এরও কম জনসংখ্যা এই রোগে আক্রান্ত হয়। তবে, ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ আচরণের উচ্চ প্রকোপ, যেমন,যৌনকর্মী এবং তাদের ক্লায়েন্টের মধ্যে অরক্ষিত যৌন-সঙ্গম এবং মাদক ব্যবহারকারীদের মধ্যে সুচ ভাগাভাগির সঙ্গে মিলিত হয়ে প্রতিবেশী দেশে (যেমন থাইল্যান্ড হিসাবে) এই ধরনের রোগের সূচকীয় বিস্তার, বাংলাদেশকে ভবিষ্যতে এইচআইভি মহামারীর উচ্চ ঝুঁকিতে রাখে।এই ঝুঁকি উপাদান ছাড়াও, বাংলাদেশের উচ্চ জনসংখ্যার ঘনত্ব, অত্যন্ত নিম্নমানের জীবনযাপন, কম উৎপাদনশীলতা, বেকারত্ব, এবং লিঙ্গ বৈষম্যের উপস্থিতি ও এইচআইভি সংক্রমণে উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা রাখে।

    বাংলাদেশে এইচআইভি/এইডস ১৯৮৯ সালে প্রথম সনাক্ত করা হয়। জাতীয় এইডস এবং এসটিআই প্রোগ্রাম (এনএএসপি) অনুমান মতে, ২০১০ সাল পর্যন্ত ৭৫০০ বাংলাদেশী এইচআইভিতে আক্রান্ত হয়ে বসবাস করছে। এই বৃদ্ধিজনক ঘটনার বিপরীতে, মুষ্টিমেয় এনজিও এইচআইভির বিস্তার থামাতে এবং ইতিমধ্যেই সংক্রমিত যারা তাদের সেবা প্রদানের জন্য এইচআইভি/এইডস শিকার এবং তাদের সম্প্রদায়ের সঙ্গে ঘনিষ্ঠভাবে কাজ করা শুরু করেছে।

    ১৯৮৯ সাল থেকে বাংলাদেশ ইন্টিগ্রেটেড সোশ্যাল এডভান্সমেন্ট প্রোগ্রাম (বিআইএসএপি), একটি অরাজনৈতিক, অলাভজনক, এবং বেসরকারি উন্নয়ন সংস্থা, চট্টগ্রামে এইচআইভি/এইডস সচেতনতা সৃষ্টিতে উল্লেখযোগ্যভাবে অবদান রাখছে। চট্টগ্রাম দেশের সবচেয়ে জনবহুল শহরগুলোর মধ্যে একটি, যার মোট জনসংখ্যা ৪.৮ মিলিয়ন। বিআইএসএপি প্রাথমিকভাবে চট্টগ্রামে এইচআইভি/এইডস প্রাদুর্ভাব কমাতে সচেতনতা প্রোগ্রাম যেমন, এইচআইভি প্রতিরোধের কৌশলের উপর ফোকাস করে। এখন পর্যন্ত তারা বিশেষ করে ঝুঁকিপ্রবণ নারী ও শিশুদের লক্ষ্য করে তৃণমূল পর্যায়ের সামাজিক সংহতি প্রকল্পে কাজ করেছে। বিআইএসএপি বিশ্বাস করে সমাজের ঝুঁকিপ্রবণ গোষ্ঠীকে আর্থিকভাবে সচ্ছল করার মাধ্যমে দারিদ্র্যের বোঝা এবং এই ধরনের সংক্রমিত রোগের বিস্তার হ্রাস করা সম্ভব।

    ২০০৮ সালে, আয়ারল্যান্ড দূতাবাসের সঙ্গে অংশীদারিত্বের মাধ্যমে, বিআইএসএপি চট্টগ্রাম শহরে এইচআইভি / এইডস ও অন্যান্য যৌনরোগ প্রতিরোধ একটি প্রধান প্রচারণা চালু করে। সমাজের সদস্য ও স্থানীয় কর্তৃপক্ষকে কিভাবে এইচআইভি ছড়ায় এবং কারা রোগ ছড়ানোর উচ্চ ঝুঁকির মধ্যে আছে ষে সম্পর্কে সচেতন করাই এই তিন বছরের প্রকল্পের মূল লক্ষ্য। এই উদ্দেশ্য বাস্তবায়নের লক্ষ্যে, বিআইএসএপি শিক্ষক, ছাত্র, স্বাস্থ্য পরিসেবা প্রদানকারী, স্থানীয় নেতা, এবং পরিবহন ইউনিয়ন নেতাদের জন্য শিক্ষণীয় ও সচেতনতামূলক প্রোগ্রামের আয়োজন করে। উদাহরণস্বরূপ, ২০০৯ সালে, বিআইএসএপি চট্টগ্রামে বিজ্ঞান ও প্রযুক্তি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে ৫০ ডাক্তারদের জন্য এইচআইভি / এইডস প্রশিক্ষণ কর্মসূচী আয়োজন করে। এই প্রোগ্রামের মূল উদ্দেশ্য হচ্ছে, চিকিৎসকদের শিক্ষিত করে তোলা যেন তারা সামাজিক সচেতনতা সৃষ্টি এবং সামাজিক সংহতি উন্নয়নের মাধ্যমে এসটিআই ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ তরুণ, যারা তথ্য ও চিকিৎসাসেবা থেকে বঞ্চিত তারা যাতে বাধা অতিক্রম পারে, তা নিশ্চিত করা। বর্তমানে, বিআইএসএপি বিশেষভাবে স্থানীয় রিকশা ও সিএনজি (স্বয়ংক্রিয় রিকশা) ড্রাইভার, ছোট ব্যবসায়ী, এবং গার্মেন্টস কারখানা শ্রমিকদের জন্য শিক্ষাগত উদ্যোগ অব্যাহত রেখেছে। এটা যাদের সঙ্গে যারা উভয় ছুঁয়েছে বিআইএসএপি এর এই উদ্যোগ শক্তিশালী কারণ এটি চট্টগ্রামের ঝুঁকি এবং অভিক্ষিপ্তাবস্থা এবং কর্তৃপক্ষের নিকট পৌঁছাতে পেরেছে।

    যদিও এইচআইভি / এইডস-এর বোঝা সম্প্রতি বাংলাদেশে বৃদ্ধি পেয়েছে, এর বিস্তারের ঝুঁকি উপাদান উপস্থিতি সত্ত্বেও রোগ এবং মৃত্যুহার ক্ষুদ্র রয়ে যাওয়া প্রমাণ করে যে, এই ধরনের সম্প্রদায় সংহতি উদ্যোগ রোগ সংক্রমণ রোধ করতে সাহায্য করতে পারে। বিআইএসএপি এর এইচআইভি / এইডসে এখনো আক্রান্ত হই নি ব্যক্তিদের মধ্যে সচেতনতা উত্থাপনের এই তৃণমূল কৌশল বিশ্বের অন্যান্য উৎস-দরিদ্র শহরগুলোতেও কার্যকরী হতে পারে।

    Photo credit: BISAP

    Ruvani Nisansala, Dhaka Community Manager

    The overall prevalence of HIV/AIDS is low in Bangladesh, as less than 1 percent of the population is infected. However, the high incidence of risky behaviors, such as unprotected sex between sex workers and their clients, and needle-sharing among drug users, coupled with the exponential spread of the disease in neighboring countries (such as Thailand), puts Bangladesh at high risk for a future HIV epidemic. In addition to these risk factors, the high population density, extremely low living standards, unemployment, and gender inequality present in Bangladesh are underlying contributors to HIV infection.

    The first case of HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh was detected in 1989. By 2010, the National AIDS and STI Program (NASP) estimated that 7,500 Bangladeshis were living with HIV. In response to this increase in cases, a handful of NGOs have begun to work closely with HIV/AIDS patients and their communities to halt the spread of HIV and to provide services to those already infected.

    The Bangladesh Integrated Social Advancement Program (BISAP), a non-political, non-profit, and non-governmental development organization, has significantly contributed to HIV/AIDS awareness in Chittagong since 1989. Chittagong is the one of the most densely populated cities in the country, with a population of 4.8 million. BISAP primarily aims to reduce HIV/AIDS prevalence in Chittagong through awareness programs, which focus on HIV prevention strategies. To this end, they conduct grassroots-level community mobilization projects, particularly aimed at vulnerable women and children. BISAP operates on the understanding that by empowering those most at risk in the community, the burden of poverty and related disease can be reduced.

    In 2008, through a partnership with the Embassy of Ireland, BISAP launched a major campaign to prevent HIV/AIDS and other STIs in Chittagong city. The key goal of this three-year project was to make community members and local authorities aware of how HIV is spread and who is at high risk for contracting it. BISAP conducted educational and awareness events targeted at teachers, students, health service providers, local leaders, and transport union leaders. For example, in 2009, BISAP organized an HIV/AIDS training program for over 50 doctors at the University of Science and Technology in Chittagong. The goal of this event was to educate doctors so that they could better raise community awareness of HIV and promote social mobilization to overcome the barriers that stop young people at risk for STIs from seeking information and treatment. BISAP continues to run such educational initiatives, which often specifically target local rickshaw and CNG (automated rickshaw) drivers, small businessmen, and garment factory workers. BISAP’s initiative is powerful because it reaches both those at risk and those with prominence and authority in Chittagong.

    While the burden of HIV/AIDS has recently increased in Bangladesh, the fact that it remains a minor cause of morbidity and mortality despite the presence of risk factors for its spread indicates that such community mobilization initiatives can help prevent disease transmission. BISAP’s grassroots strategy for raising awareness of HIV/AIDS among those not yet infected may be effective in other resource-poor cities around the world.

    Photo credit: BISAP

    Jorge Bela, Gestor Comunitario de Bogotá

    Colombia no ha escapado del castigo del HIV. Según datos del Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SIVIGILA), al que deben ser reportados todos los casos identificados, desde el año 1983 hasta el 2011, último del que se disponen datos completos, se conocen 86.990 casos de HIV/Sida, de los cuales 10.676 han fallecido. En Bogotá se han detectado hasta septiembre del 2013 23.330 casos, un 40 por ciento del total a nivel nacional. Sin embargo, es importante destacar que esto se debe a su elevada población, como lo ilustra que en el 2011 se reportaron 8,7 casos por 100.000 habitantes, mientras 8 departamentos superaban 20 casos por 100.000 habitantes, y los dos en cabeza, Barranquilla y Quindío superaban 30.

    Se estima que por cada persona diagnosticada con HIV hay al menos otra contagiada pero que desconoce su estatus, lo que probablemente nos aproxima a una dimensión mas real del problema. Pero la falta de diagnóstico es un problema con un alcance mucho mayor que el estadístico: la detección precoz puede mejorar el tratamiento y el pronóstico, y es un instrumento de gran importancia para frenar el contagio. Para la ONG Liga Colombiana de Lucha Contra el SIDA, la falta de infraestructura, laboratorios y asesores, así como la falta de confianza en el sistema de atención a la salud, y, muy especialmente, el temor a la no confidencialidad de los resultados, constituyen los dos factores decisivos a la hora de frenar el acceso a las pruebas de diagnóstico. Ha estos factores hay que sumar la falta de información sobre la enfermedad, y en especial el desconocimiento de que los síntomas pueden tardar años en manifestarse.

    Para intentar reducir estos problemas, la Alcaldía de Bogotá, a través de la Secretaría de Salud, ha firmado un convenio con la Liga Colombiana de Lucha contra el Sida, para llevar a cabo el programa Ponte a Prueba con el que buscan que el mayor número posible de personas. Entre sus objetivos están la realización de 10.000 pruebas gratuitas y voluntarias antes de junio de 2014, la certificación de 215 profesionales de la salud para que puedan efectuar las pruebas, y la capacitación de otros 300 profesionales para que puedan servir de asesores. Las acciones de sensibilización rápidas, de unos 20 minutos, darán a conocer a los profesionales que las pruebas son un derecho para todo aquel que tenga interés en realizarlas. Adicionalmente, se ha llegado a acuerdos con locales de ocio asociados con las poblaciones de mayor riesgo para realizar acciones de formación preventiva.

    Según Edison Aranguren, de la Liga, el programa por un lado busca identificar y eliminar las barreras que dentro de los centros de salud frenan el acceso de las personas a las pruebas, y por otro realizar campañas de formación no solo entre los grupos de alto riesgo, sino también hacia a todos aquellos que tengan interés, por las razones que sea, en hacerse la prueba. También se contará durante toda la vigencia del proyecto con una compañía de teatro que llevará a cabo actuaciones didácticas gratuitas tanto en espacios públicos como cerrados. Finalmente, se colaborará con otras ONGs para llevar a cabo acciones formativas.

    El lanzamiento del programa se va a hacer coincidir con el “Día Mundial de Respuesta ante el VIH,” que se celebra el 1 de diciembre.

    Foto: AIDSVaccine

    Jorge Bela, Bogotá Community Manager

    Colombia has not escaped the devastating consequences of the AIDS epidemic. According to the Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (Epidemiology Watch Service, SIVIGILA), there have been 86,990 cases of diagnosed HIV/AIDS from 1983 and 2011, and 10,676 fatalities (reporting HIV/AIDS diagnosis to the SIVIGILA is mandatory). Bogotá registered 23,300 cases from 1983 to September 2013, which is 40 percent of the national total. However, this is due more to the large population of the Colombian capital rather than high rates of infection, as the region recorded only 8.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, while eight other departments recorded over 20 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, and two of them, Barranquilla and Quindío, reported over 30 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.

    It is generally estimated that for each person diagnosed with HIV, there is at least another one for whom the infection goes undetected. This estimate brings us much closer to the problem’s real dimension. But the lack of proper diagnosis goes far beyond a statistical issue: early detection and treatment can significantly improve prognosis, and can also help to significantly reduce transmission. For the NGO Liga Colombiana de Lucha Contra el SIDA, there are several reasons why people who might be infected do not get tested, including the lack of appropriate infrastructure and laboratories, not enough trained advisors to assist during testing, and the lack of trust in the health services, particularly fears that confidentiality will not be properly secured. Lack of information about the condition, and the fact that many people are not aware that symptoms may take many years to appear, are also significant contributing factors. In the last 12 months, the number of diagnosed cases in Bogotá has increased by eight percent, which has given a sense of urgency to the need to increase the number of people tested.

    In order to alleviate these problems, the Mayor of Bogotá, through the Secretaría de Salud, has signed an agreement with the Liga Colombiana de Lucha Contra el Sida to create a program known as Ponte a Prueba (which can be translated as “Test Yourself”). Under this program, 10,000 HIV tests will be performed before June 2014, and 215 health professionals will be trained to do the testing. In addition, another 300 health practitioners will be trained as counselors. With short, 20-minute trainings, health practitioners will be advised that under local legislation, HIV testing is a right for anyone who wants it. Information will also be distributed in several establishments associated with vulnerable populations, which have agreed to participate in the program.

    For Edison Aranguren, media coordinator at the Liga Colombiana de Lucha Contra el Sida, the program seeks first of all to eliminate barriers within the health centers that keep many potential carriers away from testing. These barriers include lack of sufficient knowledge, not only on the part of health practitioners, but also by personnel such as staff at reception desks. It also seeks to heighten awareness of the benefits of testing in groups considered high-risk, as well as in individuals who can also benefit from testing even if they do not belong to any of those groups. Innovative ways of raising awareness include performances in public spaces by a theatre company, hired for the duration of the program. The Liga will also collaborate with other NGOs in preparing training activities.

    Ponte a Prueba will be officially launched on December 1, World Aids Day.

    Photo: AIDSVaccine

    Carlin Carr, Bangalore Community Manager

    The AIDS crisis continues to loom large in India, with more than 2.5 million people infected with HIV. The country has taken steps toward addressing the issue, including launching a National AIDS Control Program. Still, the virus has taken the lives of millions of mothers and fathers, and UNICEF estimates that there could be as many as 4 million children affected in India, including those living with HIV — estimated to number nearly 100,000 — those orphaned by AIDS, and those whose parents are living with HIV.

    Critics say that there has been a major lapse in the focus on children in addressing HIV/AIDS. An article in the journal Lancet says that while the National AIDS Control Program places special emphasis on “medical treatment and after care, access to schooling, and adequate nutrition, government interventions for AIDS orphans are conspicuous by their absence in any area other than pediatric ART.” Children often drop out of school to care for their sick family members, and if they are orphaned, they often face severe social stigmas against them.

    In the absence of comprehensive government interventions, NGOs and civil society have stepped in to address the needs of, and care for, these children. Milana, a Bangalore-based organization, provides support for people living with HIV in the city, many of whom are children. In the Lancet article, Jyothi Kiran, founder of Milana, says, “Children are the worst affected by the problems that HIV brings with it. They suffer severe stigma and neglect and are very often abandoned. Orphaned children are denied even basic necessities like food and nutrition by their extended families. If they are themselves HIV-positive, the situation becomes worse and their very existence is threatened.”

    Milana gives families and children a safe and supportive meeting place to share information, learn how to access proper care, and discuss the difficulties of living with the virus. Classes and sessions on nutrition are also given to help affected clients live healthier lives with the challenges they face. Children who have tested positive for HIV are often malnourished and underweight.

    One of the biggest unmet challenges is lack of shelter for AIDS orphans. In Bangalore, another NGO, ACCEPT, runs a 35-bed facility for HIV-positive patients as well as a separate home for orphans. Eighteen children stay at the home with two full-time care staff, a teacher, and other counseling and support. All the children attend the local school — a big step, given that even the schools often discriminate against these children.

    While NGOs such as Milana and ACCEPT address one of the most devastating gaps in the fight against AIDS, so much more needs to be done. These children deserve the right to appropriate care as well as to all the necessary services and support so they can live happy and healthy lives free of stigma and judgment.

    Photo credit: Lydur Skulason

    Olatawura Ladipo-Ajayi, Lagos Community Manager

    According to the 2010 sentinel survey of Nigeria, Lagos has an HIV prevalence rate of 5.1 percent. The survey shows that the majority of the state’s HIV presence is in urban areas; the rural prevalence is only 1.3 percent. In light of the high and growing HIV prevalence in Lagos, a number of agencies, private firms and civil society organisations are working hard to spread the word about HIV prevention and to care for patients.

    The state runs a program for the city under the Lagos State AIDS Control Agency, which aims to fight prevalence of HIV/AIDS within the city. Its programs include monitoring and evaluation, care and support outreach, counselling and testing services, and information and communication outreach programs regarding the prevention and treatment of HIV. The program has set up over 50 HIV counselling and testing centers (HCTs) around the city of Lagos, making the program available to both private and state-owned health facilities.

    The HCT workgroup of the agency assures that HCT centers and partners are visible to the public and that they meet standards for testing and care of HIV-positive people. It works with the Information, Communication and Education (IEC) group of the agency to expand the locations and capacities of the HCT centers around the city. This workgroup also sponsors infomercials regarding tolerance, and sensitizes the public against stigmatisation of HIV-positive people. This year the IEC workgroup aimed to increase HCT intake by 10 percent, to be accomplished through various promotional information sessions about HCT and promoting health care to the public. Earlier this year, the state disclosed that 9,660 of the 102,279 patients examined in the last year tested positive for HIV.

    While considerable effort is being made to galvanize the mitigation of HIV prevalence in the city of Lagos through the creation of agencies whose programs work to support civil organisations programs and advocate HIV prevention and care, there is a clear need for increasing efforts towards communication of screening centers and available care services in the city. Considering the population of the state — roughly 17.5 million people— a few hundred thousand people screened is relatively low. Also requiring more attention is the cost of these services: while the state can provide information on where to get services, protect the rights of people living with HIV, and advocate for care and prevention methods, most important is the cost of treatment. Subsidizing this cost will go a long way in providing care, as most people living with the virus cannot afford its care. It is understandable the state may not be able to afford free care for all, but incorporating favorable payment and affordable cost systems will help move the mission forward.

    Photo credit: Planet Aid and Skye Bank

    María Fernanda Carvallo, Gestor Comunitario de Mexico D.F.

    De acuerdo a Juan José Calva, en el artículo “25 años de SIDA en México,” uno de los ejemplos mundiales en los países en desarrollo es Brasil, que ha logrado brindar acceso universal a tratamientos de terapia antirretroviral en su población afectada por el VIH/SIDA. El éxito en esta cobertura ha dependido de tres factores: el compromiso oficial a través de la legislación para asegurar que todos los ciudadanos que lo requieran reciban la terapia, la capacidad del sector público para manufacturar medicamentos, y una enérgica acción de la sociedad civil.

    En comparación, en México se identifican grandes desafíos para tratar esta enfermedad. En primer lugar, es necesario lograr la cobertura universal, porque se encuentra un subregistro de personas asintomáticas que viven con VIH/SIDA y esto es un fenómeno recurrente que no permite identificar la cobertura necesaria. El segundo desafío es ofrecer mejor atención médica por profesionales altamente calificados que respondan ante las complicaciones de la enfermedad que abarcan diversas áreas de especialidad. Por último, el tercer reto es buscar medidas eficaces y éticas que garanticen la identificación temprana de las personas contagiadas y asintomáticas. De esta manera, los tratamientos tendrán mayor eficacia en mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas y en la reducción de la propagación del virus.

    En este último factor, la Ciudad de México va avanzando en rumbo a la detección oportuna y a la atención universal de las personas que viven con VIH/SIDA. Un ejemplo es CAPPSIDA, una de las organizaciones en la Ciudad de México que brinda diversos servicios para la atención integral y que mantiene y mejora la calidad de vida de las personas con VIH/SIDA. Sus servicios van dirigidos a la prevención, atención y acompañamiento de la enfermedad. Algunos ejemplos son: la aplicación de pruebas rápidas para el diagnóstico de infección por transmisión sexual acompañada de consejerías pre y post-prueba; atención especializada para Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual; taller para padres sobre “La salud sexual y reproductiva”; terapias individuales, familiares y en pareja; atención domiciliaria; atención médica especializada y distribución de condones. Una de sus estrategias innovadoras son las jornadas de prevención que constan de aplicación de pruebas para el diagnóstico en las estaciones del Metro, reclusorios, ferias de salud municipales y visitas a instituciones.

    Por su lado, el Colectivo Sol dio origen a la organización Condomóvil, una camioneta móvil que recorre la Ciudad de México y diversas rutas en el país y Centroamérica, para realizar campañas de prevención a través de la realización de pruebas, distribución de preservativos y talleres informativos con la asistencia de promotoras de salud sexual y reproductiva, las cuales realizan sus intervenciones caracterizadas de Dragg Queen. Esta unidad es una estrategia de alcance directo con la población, que ha permitido visitar zonas vulnerables de paso de migrantes en México en las rutas de Centroamérica a Estados Unidos a través del Latin Condom 2013, el cual parte desde la Cd. de México hasta Chile y es patrocinado por Aids Healthcare Foundation (Fundacion del Tratamiento de Salud para el SIDA), Positive Action (Acción Positiva) y Viiv Healthcare.

    En este sentido, Condomovil es ejemplo de que un fuerte activismo en el tema atrae la sinergia de diversos actores para lograr un mayor alcance e impacto en las soluciones de las problemáticas sociales.

    Foto: Condomovil A.C.

    María Fernanda Carvallo, Mexico City Community Manager

    In the article “25 Years of AIDS in Mexico,” Juan José Calva takes Brazil as a prime example of a developing country that has been able to provide universal access to antiretroviral therapeutic treatments for the population affected by HIV/AIDS. The success of this medical coverage has depended on three factors: the official legal commitment assuring that all citizens who need treatment will receive it, the capacity of the public sector to manufacture drugs, and a strong civil society.

    Compared to Brazil, major challenges remain to treating the disease in Mexico. First, achieving universal coverage is necessary because there is underreporting of asymptomatic people living with HIV/AIDS. This is a common phenomenon that limits proper coverage. The second challenge is to provide better medical care by highly qualified professionals in a wide range of specialties who can respond to the complications of the disease. The third challenge is to find effective and ethical measures to ensure the early identification of infected and asymptomatic people. The treatments will therefore be more effective in improving the quality of life of patients, and in reducing the spread of the virus.

    To address this third challenge, Mexico City is taking steps to provide early detection services and healthcare to those living with HIV/AIDS. CAPPSIDA is one of the organizations that provides services for comprehensive care to improve the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS. Its services aim at prevention, care, and support for those with the disease. Some examples of services offered include the use of rapid tests to diagnose sexually-transmitted infections accompanied by pre- and post-test counseling; parent workshops on sexual and reproductive health; individual, family, and couple therapy; specialized medical attention; and condom distribution. The innovative prevention strategies include providing diagnostic tests in metro stations, prisons, health fairs, and in local institutions.

    The Colectivo Sol established the organization Condomovil, a mobile van that drives through Mexico City and through various routes in Mexico and Central America, to campaign for prevention through testing, condom distribution, and information workshops run by sexual health promoters dressed as drag queens. This unit uses a direct outreach strategy that has been able to target vulnerable areas that migrants cross on their way to the United States from Central America, on the so-called “Ruta Latinoamericana-Latin Condom 2013”. This initiative is sponsored by the AIDS Healthcare Foundation, Positive Action, and Viiv Healthcare.

    The example of Condomovil demonstrates that strong activism attracts the synergy of several actors to achieve a meaningful outcome and impact in the solution of social issues.

    Photo: Condomovil A.C.

  • URBim | for just and inclusive cities

    En el 2013 el Banco Mundial realizó un estudio junto con Global Findex (el Índice Global de Inclusión Financiera) confirmando grandes brechas de género en el tema de inclusión financiera. De acuerdo al Banco Mundial, las mujeres son 15 por ciento menos propensas de tener una cuenta bancaria, (la cifra es mayor en mujeres en condiciones de pobreza), lo que hace que este grupo sea muy vulnerable ante el tema. Este estudio demuestra que la inclusión financiera va más allá de la apertura de cuentas bancarias, como el acceso a sistemas de préstamo y ahorro, o el pertenecer a sistemas financieros formales que abren las puertas al ingreso proveniente de otras fuentes. Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Directora de Investigación del Banco Mundial afirma que “[s]in una cuenta, a las mujeres les cuesta más ahorrar formalmente y recibir subsidios gubernamentales o remesas de familiares que viven en el extranjero.” Las mujeres son el sustento de los hogares, por lo que la falta de inclusión financiera refleja poca independencia económica y dificultad al obtener ingresos por cuenta propia. Leer más o discutir.

    In 2013, the World Bank conducted a study along with Global Findex (the Global Financial Inclusion Database) confirming the existence of large gender gaps with regard to financial inclusion. According to the World Bank, women are 15 percent less likely to have a bank account (the figure is higher for women living in poverty), making women as a whole more vulnerable to financial exclusion. This study demonstrates that financial inclusion is far more than just opening a bank account. It includes having access to borrowing and lending systems, and being a member of formal financial systems, allowing access to other sources of income. Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Investigative Director at the World Bank, stated that “without a bank account, women have a difficult time saving and receiving government subsidies or remittances from family members living abroad.” Women are the foundation of the home, so the lack of financial inclusion leads to a lack of economic independence. Read more or discuss.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 10/28/2013 – 00:00

    El mapeo comunitario acerca a las personas a su entorno para conocer su historia, necesidades y las propias narrativas de la comunidad para incidir en su desarrollo. En este sentido, el departamento de Ciencias del Comportamiento y del Desarrollo de la Universidad de las Américas> en la Ciudad de México, desarrolló un mapeo comunitario para identificar la incidencia del entorno en la comunidad de Nezahualcóyotl, basado en la teoría ecológica de Urie Bronfenbrenner, quien sustenta que los sistemas y el ambiente local influyen el cambio de conducta en el sujeto y esto a su vez en el cambio de desarrollo en el entorno. Este estudio, realizado por Suzette Aglot, describió el proceso relacional entre el sujeto y la comunidad de San Agustín Atlapulco, y definió los factores que hacen vulnerable a esta comunidad. Así mismo, de acuerdo a la autora, una de las herramientas del análisis de la salud comunitaria es el proceso de mapeo ecológico social. Este proceso intenta representar las interrelaciones entre condiciones y eventos que tienen lugar en el ambiente inmediato del individuo (v.gr., la casa, la familia, y los amigos), así como en ambientes más amplios y distantes (v.gr., el trabajo, la escuela, los hospitales y la distribución de bienes y servicios del que toma parte). Leer más o discutir.

    Community mapping brings people closer to their environment to understand its history, needs, and development. The Department of Social and Developmental Sciences of the Universidad de las Américas of Mexico City developed a community mapping project based on Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory to identify the impact of the environment in the Nezahuacóyotl community. Bronfenbrenner’s theory states that systems and the local environment influence the subject’s change in behavior, which in turn changes the development of the environment. Suzette Aglot conducted a study in San Agustín Atlapulco, located in Nezahualcóyotl, to describe this process between the subject and the community, as well as the factors that make the community vulnerable. According to Aglot, the process of social ecological mapping is a tool of community health analysis. This process attempts to represent the interrelations between conditions and events that take place in the immediate environment of the individual (e.g., home, family and friends), as well as in broad and distant environments (e.g., work, school, hospitals). Read more or discuss.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 09/23/2013 – 00:00

    El Pacto por México observa su primer resultado tangible: la Reforma Educativa, la cual sin los consensos entre las principales fuerzas políticas del país no hubiera sido posible. Leer más.

    Submitted by Saúl Guarneros — Tue, 09/10/2013 – 14:01

    México vive un proceso de transformación importante: los principales grupos políticos están logrando acuerdos trascendentales; no obstante, persisten grupos de poder que tratan de impedir a toda costa los cambios que el país requiere. Leer más.

    Submitted by Saúl Guarneros — Mon, 09/09/2013 – 16:37

    El alfabetismo, entendido como el saber leer y escribir, no representa un gran reto para la Ciudad de México. No obstante, las nuevas tecnologías y comunicaciones han orillado a la población a un analfabetismo digital. El analfabetismo digital es más que saber cómo utilizar una computadora básicamente ya que está ligado actualmente a las tecnologías de información que funcionan como canal de interlocución, y así es como se crea un medio de exclusión social en un sentido negativo. Esta falta de destreza para acceder y utilizar las herramientas disponibles es una limitación para los habitantes del D.F. y un gran obstáculo para ejercer la ciudadanía y la voz de una comunidad organizada. Leer más o discutir.

    Literacy, the ability to read and write, does not pose a big challenge for Mexico City. Instead, it is new and constantly changing technology and methods of communication that have pushed the population to suffer from a new kind of illiteracy: digital illiteracy. The fact that certain Mexico City residents are unable to communicate and receive information makes social inclusion impossible. In addition, basic computer skills are not enough to be digitally literate nowadays. The lack of skills needed to access technological tools limits the inhabitants of Mexico City from having their voices heard, which makes it difficult for them to fully exercise their democratic rights. Read more or join the discussion.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 09/02/2013 – 00:00

    Literacy, the ability to read and write, does not pose a big challenge for Mexico City. Instead, it is new and constantly changing technology and methods of communication that have pushed the population to suffer from a new kind of illiteracy: digital illiteracy. The fact that certain Mexico City residents are unable to communicate and receive information makes social inclusion impossible. In addition, basic computer skills are not enough to be digitally literate nowadays. The lack of skills needed to access technological tools limits the inhabitants of Mexico City from having their voices heard, which makes it difficult for them to fully exercise their democratic rights. Read more or join the discussion.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 09/02/2013 – 00:00

    Las llamadas redes sociales que capturaron la atención de los jóvenes, no solamente establecen lazos entre los amigos, sino son fuente de insumos que comenzaron a ser explotados por la delincuencia organizada en México en el año 2008 para obtener información de sus víctimas. No obstante la problemática no es endémica de México, sino que la comparten distintos países latinoamericanos con altos índices de secuestro. Leer más o discutir.

    Social networks that have captured the attention of youth worldwide not only establish bonds among friends, but also are used by members of organized crime groups in Mexico to obtain information about their victims. This problem is not only a reality in Mexico; it also is shared by many Latin American countries with high kidnapping rates. Read more or discuss.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 08/12/2013 – 00:00

    Social networks that have captured the attention of youth worldwide not only establish bonds among friends, but also are used by members of organized crime groups in Mexico to obtain information about their victims. This problem is not only a reality in Mexico; it also is shared by many Latin American countries with high kidnapping rates. Read more or discuss.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 08/12/2013 – 00:00

    La participación ciudadana es importante al momento de definir problemas, metas y objetivos, así como durante el diseño y ejecución de un programa o política pública. Lo anterior, debido a que no sólo causa un efecto positivo en la población al sentirse tomada en cuenta, también genera un compromiso total hacia el cumplimiento de las metas y objetivos establecidos. Leer más.

    Submitted by Saúl Guarneros — Fri, 07/26/2013 – 16:46

    Enrique Betancourt Gaona es un urbanista experto en la Ciudad de México que compartió su pericia sobre la planeación urbana con URB.im. Betancourt Gaona se ha desempeñado en el sector público como asesor de la Subsecretaría de Desarrollo Urbano del D.F. y como el Director General Adjunto de política social de la Presidencia de la República. Leer más o discutir.

    Enrique Betancourt Gaona is an urban expert from Mexico City who shared with URB.im his expertise on urban planning. He has worked in the public sector as an advisor for the Subsecretaría de Desarrollo Urbano del D.F. (Ministry of Urban Development of Mexico City) and as the General Adjunct Director of Social Policy for the presidential administration. Read more or join the discussion.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 07/22/2013 – 00:00

  • URBim | for just and inclusive cities

    The ubiquitous poverty in Mexico City, not unlike that of other major metropolitan areas, has many faces. According to Caroline Moser, impoverished inhabitants in the city rely on an income fund that is linked to the accumulation of the rest of their assets. One of the many sides of this poverty is access to basic sustenance, given that a scarcity of income curtails the adequate and essential nourishment required for a healthy and productive human body. Read more or join the discussion.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 04/15/2013 – 00:00

    Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world. According to la Fundación del Cáncer de Mama (FUCAM) (the Breast Cancer Foundation), breast cancer is the number two cause of death in Mexico. The Fundación Tómatelo a Pecho (Take It to Heart), attests that the mortality rate has increased in the last fifty years. It is believed that by 2012, 130 thousand women had experienced breast cancer. Read more or join the discussion.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 04/08/2013 – 00:00

    El cáncer de mama (CaMa) es el tumor maligno más frecuente en el mundo; de acuerdo a la Fundación del Cáncer de Mama (FUCAM), en México este padecimiento es la segunda causa de muerte. La Fundación Tómatelo a Pecho afirma que la tasa de mortalidad ha aumentado en los últimos cincuenta años; en el año 2012, 130 mil mujeres lo habían vivido. Leer más o discutir.

    Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world. According to la Fundación del Cáncer de Mama (FUCAM) (the Breast Cancer Foundation), breast cancer is the number two cause of death in Mexico. The Fundación Tómatelo a Pecho (Take It to Heart), attests that the mortality rate has increased in the last fifty years. It is believed that by 2012, 130 thousand women had experienced breast cancer. Read more or join the discussion.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 04/08/2013 – 00:00

    La Revolución Mexicana no fue sólo el primer gran movimiento social del Siglo XX; fue el primero protagonizado por un país pobre, injusto e insatisfecho. Fue, por ello mismo, un movimiento para alcanzar la prosperidad, la justicia y la satisfacción. Fue también, el primer movimiento del siglo que supo aunar los derechos individuales y los derechos sociales. Leer más.

    Submitted by Saúl Guarneros — Wed, 04/03/2013 – 12:08

    El proceso de urbanización conlleva la sinergia de diversos actores para hacer frente a la demanda de las ciudades. Por ejemplo, la inversión del sector privado para la planeación y mejoría del desarrollo urbano. En este sentido, la Ciudad de México es evidencia de la participación privada que mejoró el transporte público y la movilidad de los capitalinos. A partir del año 2000 en el D.F. se abrió la puerta a la inversión privada y poco a poco se fue consolidando esta estrategia para atraer el capital privado a favor de la ciudad; en 2008 el Gobierno del Distrito Federal incorporó una nueva figura de inversión, los Proyectos de Prestación de Servicios a Largo Plazo (PPS). Leer más o discutir.

    The urbanization process requires the combined effort of diverse stakeholders in order to take on demands from developing cities. The investment in the private sector for planning and the improvement of urban development is an example of this combined effort. Mexico City is a good example of how private participation improves public transportation and the mobility of citizen. Since 2000, Mexico City has opened its doors to private investment and has slowly attracted private capital to improve the city. Moreover, the Federal District’s Government incorporated in 2008 a new investment program, Proyectos de Prestación de Servicios a Largo Plazo—PPS (Long-Term Provision Service Projects). Read more or discuss.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 03/25/2013 – 00:00

    The urbanization process requires the combined effort of diverse stakeholders in order to take on demands from developing cities. The investment in the private sector for planning and the improvement of urban development is an example of this combined effort. Mexico City is a good example of how private participation improves public transportation and the mobility of citizen. Since 2000, Mexico City has opened its doors to private investment and has slowly attracted private capital to improve the city. Moreover, the Federal District’s Government incorporated in 2008 a new investment program, Proyectos de Prestación de Servicios a Largo Plazo—PPS (Long-Term Provision Service Projects). Read more or discuss.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 03/25/2013 – 00:00

    “No hay viento favorable para el barco que no sabe adónde va.” — Séneca

    Hace algún tiempo, Miguel Ángel Mancera, el Jefe de Gobierno del Distrito Federal, mencionó la necesidad de contar con un City Manager. Dicha figura surgió a principios del siglo pasado como respuesta para atender problemas de diversas índoles; desde sociales hasta políticas. Su ámbito de acción, entre otras, es el desarrollar planes estratégicas para atacar problemas específicos, y vigilar su ejecución; generar debates de altura de diversos temas; promover equidad y justicia en la asignación presupuestal y prestación de servicios públicos, promover innovación en la gestión pública. Leer más.

    Submitted by Saúl Guarneros — Sun, 03/24/2013 – 19:04

    La Delegación Iztapalapa es una de las demarcaciones del Distrito Federal que no tiene garantizado el derecho al acceso de agua limpia y de calidad para sus habitantes. El déficit de suministro de agua de Iztapalapa se debe a que recibe diariamente 238 litros para un millón 815 mil 786 personas que viven en la demarcación. La falda de la Sierra Santa Catarina, es una de las zonas que presenta mayor escasez del líquido vital para que las personas puedan satisfacer sus necesidades. Familias de esta colonia tienen que pedir pipas a empresas privadas para que puedan obtener agua para la higiene personal y para el uso doméstico. Ante la demanda, la delegación también proporciona a la colonia tanques de agua de acuerdo a una larga lista de espera de los solicitantes, no obstante la necesidad por el agua rebasa la capacidad de entrega y distribución por parte de la delegación. Leer más o discutir.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 03/18/2013 – 01:00

    Una de las principales problemáticas de la Cd. de México es la falta de vivienda, pues si bien es mucha la demanda por parte de los habitantes, el uso de suelo para el desarrollo habitacional es muy escaso. De acuerdo a Vigila tus derechos D.F. “en el Distrito Federal, la realización del derecho a la vivienda presenta limitaciones y obstáculos de diversos tipos; […] Hace falta una política de vivienda con enfoque de derechos humanos y de sustentabilidad, que promueva la coordinación interinstitucional para encontrar soluciones apropiadas a los desafíos del desarrollo urbano, la vivienda y el medio ambiente en la ciudad, incluyendo la situación de los asentamientos irregulares.” Leer más o discutir.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 03/11/2013 – 01:00

    La inseguridad para las usuarias en el transporte público es el pan de cada día, siendo este un medio para que las mujeres se trasladen a su trabajo, escuelas, o para transportar a sus hijos, viven el riesgo de sufrir algún tipo de abuso sexual. Jesús Sesma Suárez, integrante del Partido Verde, afirmó que 29.4 por ciento de mujeres usuarias del transporte público en el D.F. han sentido miedo a sufrir un ataque o abuso sexual, 15 por ciento de las usuarias han sido perseguidas por hombres para ser atacadas sexualmente y el 2.1 por ciento ha sufrido abuso sexual. Así mismo, la Secretaría de Transporte del Estado de México sostiene que el 42 por ciento de las mujeres son agredidas en unidades del transporte y el 86 por ciento son víctima de ataques verbales. Leer más o discutir.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 03/04/2013 – 00:00

  • URBim | for just and inclusive cities

    Genap sudah bencana banjir melanda ibukota Indonesia, Jakarta, selama satu bulan di tahun 2014. Jakarta memang menjadi langganan banjir, bahkan sejak dulu Belanda menjajah Batavia. Banjir Jakarta pertama kali tercatat tahun 1621. Pemerintah Belanda pada waktu itu pun berupaya menangani banjir dengan melaksanakan berbagai mega proyek seperti pembangunan tiga bendungan besar Jakarta tahun 1918, yakni Bendungan Hilir, Bendungan Jago dan Bendungan Udik. Selain itu, pada tahun 1922 Belanda juga membangun Banjir Kanal Barat (BKB) yang membuka pintu air Manggarai-Rawa Angke.

    Hingga kini, Jakarta masih dihantui oleh persoalan banjir. Catatan mengenai peristiwa ini berlanjut pada tahun 1976, 1977, 1984, 1989, 1997, 1999, 2007, dan tahun 2014. Bahkan jumlah pengungsi banjir terbesar Jakarta terjadi pada tahun 1977, yang diklaim mencapai 200 ribu orang. Banjir di ibu kota memang disebabkan oleh beberapa hal. Selain karena kondisi topografinya yang berada di dataran rendah, tata ruang Jakarta pun semakin mendapat tekanan karena beban ibu kota yang semakin besar dan tak terkendali. Akibatnya, baru sebentar saja Jakarta diguyur hujan, ketar-ketir air menggenang pun menjadi semakin mudah untuk dirasakan. Siapa yang akan terkena imbas paling parah, tentu mereka yang berada pada golongan ekonomi rentan (vulnerable), karena minimnya kepemilikan aset untuk bertahan terhadap bencana. Sederhananya, banjir akan lebih mudah meluluhlantahkan kegiatan ekonomi orang-orang miskin, menjauhkan mereka dari keterjangkauan terhadap harga sembako yang semakin tinggi, dan menularkan wabah diare karena tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan yang berkualitas.

    Mengatasi Banjir Ibu Kota

    Kondisi dan proses alamiah berupa topografi, curah hujan, dan kemana limpasan air akan mengalir memang tidak bisa disalahkan. Namun tidak terkendalinya proses ini akibat intervensi manusia terhadap lahan-lahan di Jakarta, perlu mendapat perhatian khusus menggunakan pendekatan tata ruang. Beberapa rekayasa fisik yang saat ini diupayakan adalah pelaksanaan beberapa mega proyek berupa pembangunan great sea-wall di pantai utara Jakarta, optimalisasi Banjir Kanal Timur (BKT), pembangunan sodetan, dan revitalisasi sempadan sungai. Bahkan teknologi terbaru berupa rekayasa hujan pun kabarnya telah dilakukan untuk mengatur volume air akan turun di Jakarta. Rekayasa fisik juga dapat dilakukan dengan meninjau gedung-gedung pencakar langit yang tak memenuhi syarat kelestarian lingkungan, relokasi permukiman yang berada di bantaran sungai, pembuatan biopori di tiap rumah, dan juga penyediaan ruang-ruang terbuka hijau di lahan-lahan terbengkalai (brown field).

    Selain rekayasa fisik, penyelesaian banjir Jakarta juga membutuhkan rekayasa non fisik seperti tertibnya pembuangan sampah di tempat-tempat yang telah disediakan. Membuang sampah sembarangan di sepanjang aliran sungai tidak boleh lagi menjadi “budaya” bagi mereka yang sudah bosan dengan permasalahan banjir. Lihatlah bagaimana sampah-sampah yang ikut mengapung selama banjir seolah merefleksikan karakter warganya yang “galau”, karena di satu sisi ingin masalahnya cepat selesai, namun di sisi lain tetap membuang sampah sembarangan. Sejak 18 Januari hingga 2 Februari 2014, Dinas Kebersihan DKI Jakarta mencatat total keseluruhan sampah yang diangkut pascabanjir mencapai 91.529 ton.

    Ya, untuk mengatasi banjir Jakarta memang membutuhkan dana yang tidak sedikit. Namun begitu, persoalan ini rasanya tak perlu dikhawatirkan mengingat Jakarta adalah tempat bertemunya pelaku ekonomi kelas menengah ke atas dari seluruh penjuru nusantara bahkan dunia, yang selama ini meraup keuntungan di dalamnya. Artinya, hal ini akan menjadi sederhana bila semua pelaku ekonomi tersebut mau “berpatungan” untuk membenahi tata ruang Jakarta. Hal ini salah satunya bisa dilakukan dengan memadukan dana-dana CSR dari banyak perusahaan di Jakarta untuk merumuskan berbagai program strategis penyelesaian banjir.

    Tentu, permasalahan kota menjadi tidak akan pernah selesai bila warganya selalu bertindak egois dan tak mau diatur.

  • URBim | for just and inclusive cities

    Blusukan, adalah sebuah kata dalam bahasa Jawa, yang oleh The Jakarta Post diterjemahkan sebagai impromptu visit, menjadi sangat populer setelah dipakai oleh Jokowi, gubernur Jakarta. Jokowi menggunakan kata itu untuk menggambarkan kegiatannya melakukan inspeksi langsung, seringkali tanpa sepengetahuan siapapun kapan dan kemana dia pergi, bahkan tanpa diketahui oleh staf dan wartawan yang selalu mengikuti geraknya. Kita kemudian mengetahui bahwa tujuan blusukan sesungguhnya adalah untuk melakukan komunikasi langsung dengan warga masyarakat, disamping adanya berbagai tujuan resmi lainnya, seperti untuk mencek implementasi sebuah proyek, mencek pelayanan publik yang diberikan olaeh kecamatan dan kelurahan, atau sekedar untuk melihat situasi di lapangan dan untuk mendengar langsung apa yang dikeluhkan oleh warga miskin di tingkat akar rumput. Baca lebih lanjut.

    Blusukan is a Javanese word, translated by The Jakarta Post as “impromptu visit”, popularized after being used by Jokowi, the governor of Jakarta. Jokowi used the term to denote his movement to inspect directly, often without anyone knowing when and where he goes, not even his own staff nor the journalist who usually always follow his movements. We later learned that the aim of blusukan is primarily to make direct contact with the people, as well as many official reasons such as to check the implementation of a development project, to check on public services delivered by Jokowi’s subordinates at the district and village level governments, or simply to observe the situation on the field and to listen to the urban poor’s complaints at the grassroots level. Read more.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Tue, 03/25/2014 – 16:50

    Di awal tahun Kuda, berdasarkan penanggalan Cina, Indonesia mendapat hantaman banjir yang dahsyat. Kombinasi berbagai faktor, terutama hujan yang tiada henti, perubahan iklim dan kerusakan lingkungan akibat ulah manusia; telah melumpuhkan tidak hanya Jakarta, ibukota negara, namun banyak tempat laindi Jawa dan pulau-pulau lainnya. Jakarta seperti biasa selalu menjadi pusat perhatian media karena banjir mencerminkan kinerja pemerintah kota dalam menangani masalah ini. Publik melihat disamping upaya habis-habisan dari Jokowi sebagai gubernur baru dalam mencegah dampak banjir namun upaya ini tampak tak berarti karena volume air yang mencapai puncaknya akibat hujan turun setiap hari di bulan Januari. Baca lebih lanjut.

    In the beginning the Year of Horse according to the Chinese calendar, Indonesia was hit by severe flooding. A combination of factors, most notably unabated rains, climate change and manmade environmental destruction have paralyzed not only Jakarta, the capital city, but many places in Java and on other islands. Jakarta has always been the center of media attention as flooding reflects the performance of the city government in handling the case. The public noticed that despite all-out efforts by Jokowi as the new governor to curb the potential flooding, the effort seemed meaningless as the volume of water reached its peak as it pored throughout January. Read more.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Wed, 02/05/2014 – 14:59

    Jati Baru adalah sebuah kecamatan miskin dan padat penduduk di Jakarta Pusat. Kemiskinan, eksklusi social dan tawuran anak muda telah menjadi cirri-ciri umum dari komunitas kumuh ini. Didorong oleh keinginan untuk mencari jalan keluar dari masalah sisial yang akut ini beberapa orang staf pengajar dari departemen sosiologi Universitas Indonesia menyusun strategi berdasarkan temuan penelitian yang mereka lakukan tahun 2012. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami proses-proses yang bersifat sistemik dari penyakit sosial sebagaimana yang tercermin dari tawuran antar kelompok anak muda ini terjadi. Dengan asumsi bahwa fenomena tawuran adalah refleksi frustrasi terhadap aturan-aturan yang dipaksakan oleh otoritas formal di pilihlah sebuah pendekatan penelitian yang memanfaatkan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Baca lebih lanjut.

    Joharb Baru is a poor and densely-populated district in Central Jakarta. Poverty, social exclusion and youth brawls have become common features in this slum community. Motivated to find a way out of this acute social problem, a group of lecturers from the sociology department at the University of Indonesia developed a strategy based their research findings conducted in 2012. The research aimed to understand the systemic processes by which such social disease as manifested in the frequent youth brawls occurred. Assuming that the phenomena of youth brawls reflect the frustration against the imposing civic order from a formal authority, a research approach that utilized both quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted. Read more.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Wed, 12/04/2013 – 12:47

    Peristiwanya sederhana. Seorang lurah, perempuan dan beragama Kristen, yang baru diangkat, diprotes oleh sekelompok orang yang menganggap bahwa dia tidak tepat memimpin sebuah kelurahan yang mayoritasnya beragama Islam. Peristiwa ini terjadi di Kelurahan Lenteng Agung, Jakarta Selatan, di ibukota Negara Republik Indonesia. Baca lebih lanjut.

    The event looks very simple. A new appointed sub-district head, a women and a Christian, is rejected by a group of people as she is perceived to be not appropriate to lead a sub-district with a Muslim majority. This event occurred in the Lenteng Agung sub-district, South Jakarta, in the capital city of Indonesia. Read more.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Tue, 10/22/2013 – 11:22

    Menyelesaikan masalah banjir rutin (dan kemacetan jalan) bisa merupakan tes akhir bagi setiap gubernur Jakarta. Sejak hari pertama di kantornya Jokowi dan Ahok telah menjadikan penanganan banjir sebagai prioritas utama. Mereka sangat menyadari dampak banjir yang dapat mematikan dan membuat Jakarta menjadi lumpuh. Diantara berbagai cara mengurangi dampak banjir adalah mengembalikan fungsi dam dam yang semula merupakan daerah penampungan air. Baca lebih lanjut.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Mon, 09/23/2013 – 14:42

    Solving the problem of regular flooding (and traffic jams) could be the litmus test of any governor of Jakarta. Since the first day in office, Jokowi and Ahok have given top priority to resolving this flooding problem. They are very aware that the impact of flooding could be lethal and paralyzing for Jakarta. Among many other ways to reduce the impact of flooding, they are restoring the dams that were originally designed to be water catchment areas. Read more.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Mon, 09/23/2013 – 14:36

    Salah satu dampak yang tidak direncanakan dari kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi dan strategi rekayasa politik Orde Baru Suharto adalah fenomena menggelembungnya sektor informal di perkotaan. Secara akademik istilah sektor informal diperkenalkan pada tahun 1970an sebagai kelanjutan dari diskusi luas tentang isu-isu “urban bias” dan “why poor stay poor” argument utama dari Michael Lipton. Baca lebih lanjut.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Fri, 08/09/2013 – 00:00

    One of the unintended results of Suharto’s New Order economic development policy and political engineering strategy is the burgeoning phenomenon of the informal sector in Indonesia’s cities. As an academic term, “informal sector” was coined in the 1970s, following the widely debated discussions on the issues of urban bias and “why the poor stay poor” prominently argued by Michael Lipton. Read more.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Fri, 08/09/2013 – 00:00

    Dibawah kepamongan Sandyawan Sumardi, seorang sosial aktivis, sebuah komunitas miskin yang tinggal di bantaran sungai Ciliwung di wilayah yang paling padat penduduk di Jakarta telah melakukan perjuangan untuk memperoleh kembali hak-haknya sebagai warganegara dan sebagai manusia. Ciliwung adalah nama sungai yang membelah kota Jakarta, selalu membawa banjir dimusim hujan karena wilayah pegunungan diatas Jakarta telah berubah dari hutan dan resapan air menjadi vila-vila indah bagi kaum elit. Di tengah-tengah kemelaratan dan lingkungan yang buruk warga miskin dan lemah ini ternyata mampu membentuk Ciliwung Merdeka sebuah platform untuk bergerak dan untuk menyampaikan aspirasi sosial dan politik mereka sebagai warga kota dan warganegara. Baca lebih lanjut.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Fri, 07/12/2013 – 15:44

    Under the guardianship of Sandyawan Sumardi, a social activist, a poor community living on the riverbank of Ciliwung River in the most crowded area of Jakarta has been struggling to regain its human rights. Ciliwung is the name of the river that run through Jakarta and brings floods during the rainy season, as the mountainous areas above Jakarta turn from forest and water reservoir into beautiful villas for the rich. Amidst economic hardship and dire environmental conditions, this poor and vulnerable community is has set up “Ciliwung Merdeka,” or Free Ciliwung, a mobilizing platform to voice their social and political aspirations as members of the city and as Indonesian citizens. Read more.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Fri, 07/12/2013 – 15:37

  • URBim | for just and inclusive cities

    Tariq Toffa, Johannesburg Community Manager

    Apartheid policies in South Africa made for ineffective cities. Fragmented and segmented, Johannesburg has an ambivalent relationship with public transport. Historically, more affluent, mostly northern white suburbs were provided with extensive transport infrastructure, such as electric trams (1906-48) and later highways (see Fig. 1). By contrast, the denser and poorer black townships, mostly in the south, were provided with limited and marginalised rail and bus public transport. Yet out of desperate need by being located far away from major industrial and commercial centres, in the 1970s a mini-bus taxi industry emerged, which has grown to serve approximately 72 percent of all public transport users.

    Despite a number of post-1994 initiatives, urban transport system problems persist. Recently (2006-2012), in the largest Public Private Partnership yet launched in South Africa, between the Gauteng Provincial Government and Bombela International Consortium, a rapid rail project worth R20 billion (US$ 2 billion) was implemented. The “Gautrain” rapid rail network consists of two spines: one (south-north) linking Johannesburg and Pretoria, and the other (west-east) linking the Sandton business district and OR Tambo International airport. Coupled with this, in 2007 the City began constructing an ambitious Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT) known as the “Rea Vaya” (see Fig. 2).

    The new systems address speed, efficiency, and traffic decongestion, as well as problems of safety, facilities, and crime that have affected the taxi industry. Crucially, the BRT in particular improves access of marginalised communities to industrial and commercial centers: firstly linking the townships in the south to Johannesburg’s CBD (phase 1A and 1B), and subsequently linking Alexandra township in the north with Sandton and Johannesburg’s CBD (phase 1C). Together with the Gautrain, it is envisioned as a key catalyst for the city’s Transit Orientated Development (TOD) plan for urban regeneration and economic development at transit hubs. Hence two BRT routes (phase 1B and 1C) will become “corridors” of mixed-use development.

    In contrast to the BRT, the Gautrain, in catering purely for the affluent car owner/user, from a social perspective clearly suffers from the criticism of class/mobility-related exclusion; although this could be offset by a BRT system that, unlike the Gautrain where there is no clarity in providing mixed-income residential development around its stations, clearly allows for mixed-income along BRT corridors.

    Nonetheless, on the whole, both projects direct growth toward former white group areas which are developed, and not toward new corridor and nodal development in previously underdeveloped areas; and so they also do not remove the burden of excessive and reverse commuting. The terminal infrastructure developments of both projects, too, are located away from the marginal communities’ location.

    Other issues include the sustained opposition by some organisations within the taxi industry, which the BRT wishes to absorb, and the high cost of the BRT (R35 million / US$ 3.5 million per km, and at least R7 million / US$ 700,000 per BRT station). It is unclear how much investment was essential for the long-term operational sustainability of the project, and how much could also have been creatively employed for the project to balance other more social priority purposes.

    At first glance the Gautrain/BRT initiative appears a master-stroke of integrative urban transport; yet while it is still incomplete and without a full-scale evaluation of its impact, particularly for poor neighbourhoods and travel patterns, from a social perspective, the jury is still out.

    Fig. 1: Early twentieth century electric trams (Beavon 2001)
    Fig. 2: Historic racial segregation, with new BRT and Gautrain routes (map by author)

  • URBim | for just and inclusive cities

    Catalina Gomez, Coordenadora da Rede em Rio de Janeiro

    Rio de Janeiro está avançando na expansão efetiva da titulação de terras e beneficiando a sua população mais vulnerável. Esta direção positiva é o resultado da implementação do programa habitacional Minha Casa Minha Vida e do programa de melhoramento de bairros Morar Carioca.

    Minha Casa Minha Vida está focado em apoiar famílias de baixa renda na aquisição de moradia nova e na provisão do seu título de posse. O programa foi criado em 2009 e conta com a liderança e financiamento do Ministério das Cidades. Este ministério tem construído mais de um milhão de unidades habitacionais no Brasil e tem previsão de entregar mais dois milhões até 2014. Especificamente no Rio, Minha Casa Minha Vida é liderado em parceria pelas secretarias de habitação dos governos estadual e municipal; até hoje já fizeram entrega de mais de 60 mil moradias novas construídas em espaços regularizados, garantindo condições legais, habitacionais e ambientais adequadas.

    Morar Carioca complementa estes esforços focando-se no apoio da população que mora em assentamentos irregulares por médio de intervenções de melhoramento de bairros, expansão de serviços sociais e a promoção da regularização fundiária e a entrega de títulos de posse. O programa que foi lançado a partir de 2010 é liderado pela Secretaria Municipal de Habitação em coordenação com outras instituições.

    Especificamente sobre os processos de regularização e titulação realizados pelo Morar Carioca, vale ressaltar a complexidade daqueles processos; eles envolvem vários procedimentos burocráticos que levam meses em concluir, tais como: (i) registro das terras e seu uso; (ii) pesquisa e registro socioeconômico dos beneficiários; (iii) preparação da documentação legal e delimitação; e (iv) autorização dos títulos de posse. Todos estes trâmites são feitos com um número limitado de pessoal especializado, o que ressalta a necessidade de fortalecer os recursos humanos nesta área.

    Embora a regularização fundiária e a titulação sejam processos complexos e longos, Morar Carioca tem conseguido avançar na entrega de resultados com mais de 50 mil famílias beneficiadas com títulos de posse. Parte do sucesso do processo é a criação de varias unidades de informação nas comunidades beneficiarias que providenciam assistência e apoio para as famílias durante o ciclo de regularização e titulação.

    Ainda com os resultados bem sucedidos destes programas, existem dois desafios principais. O primeiro destaca a necessidade de reduzir os tempos de regularização e titulação para que sejam mais efetivos e menos burocráticos. O segundo, ainda mais complexo é a necessidade de fortalecer os direitos dos cidadãos que não tem documentação legal de propriedade suas terras e estão sendo expulsas para dar espaço às obras relacionadas com a Copa e as Olimpíadas.

    Foto: Secretaria de Estado de Habitação de Rio de Janeiro

    Catalina Gomez, Rio de Janeiro Community Manager

    Rio de Janeiro is actively moving forward with the expansion of effective land titling for its most vulnerable citizens. This positive trend is the result of the implementation of programs such as Minha Casa Minha Vida, the national housing program, and Morar Carioca, the city’s urban upgrading program.

    Minha Casa Minha Vida (My House My Life) supports low-income, first-time home buyers with the provision of affordable and flexible home-buying schemes, as well as though the provision of land titles upon the receipt of their new homes. The program, which was launched in 2009, is funded by the Ministry of the Cities; since then it has delivered more than one million houses throughout Brazil, and is expected to deliver two million more by 2014. In Rio, Minha Casa Minha Vida is implemented in partnership between the state and municipal housing secretariats. To date, these institutions have delivered more than 60,000 new units (and have announced 40,000 more for next year), all which have been constructed in formal spaces, with adequate legal, urban, and environmental conditions.

    Morar Carioca complements these efforts by supporting residents of informal settlements. The program works to upgrade neighborhood conditions, expand social services, and conduct regularization and titling services. Morar Carioca has been in place since 2010 and is led by the city’s Secretariat of Housing, in coordination with other local government bodies.

    With regard to the land regularization procedures and title provisions provided by Morar Carioca, it is worth noting that these processes aren’t as straightforward as many would think; they involve various bureaucratic procedures that sometimes take months to complete. These steps include (i) registering land extension and use; (ii) carrying out socio-economic profiles and registry of beneficiaries; (iii) preparing legal paperwork for land delimitation; and (iv) authorizing and issuing proper land titles. All of these tasks are carried out by a limited number of officers, demonstrating the need to strengthen related human and technical capacities in this field.

    Although land regularization and titling are complex and time-consuming processes, Morar Carioca is moving forward with the delivery of land titles and legal tenure services. As of June 2013, there have been around 50,000 families who have benefited from land regularization and legal tenure services. Pivotal to the program’s successful land regularization process has been the establishment of information desks in each beneficiary neighborhood, so that residents can receive guidance on the regularization procedures and further completion of the titling process.

    Although these two programs are well established and have been effective in delivering successful results, there are two main challenges ahead. The first is the need to make land regularization procedures more effective and less bureaucratic. The second is the need to properly address the rights of residents, including those without legal documentation. This is particularly relevant in a context of reported displacements of low-income families without proper land tenure in order to make room for World Cup and Olympic Games facilities.

    Photo credit: Secretaria de Estado de Habitação de Rio de Janeiro

  • URBim | for just and inclusive cities

    María Fernanda Carvallo, Gestor Comunitario de Mexico D.F.

    El alfabetismo, entendido como el saber leer y escribir, no representa un gran reto para la Ciudad de México. No obstante, las nuevas tecnologías y comunicaciones han orillado a la población a un analfabetismo digital. El analfabetismo digital es más que saber cómo utilizar una computadora básicamente ya que está ligado actualmente a las tecnologías de información que funcionan como canal de interlocución, y así es como se crea un medio de exclusión social en un sentido negativo. Esta falta de destreza para acceder y utilizar las herramientas disponibles es una limitación para los habitantes del D.F. y un gran obstáculo para ejercer la ciudadanía y la voz de una comunidad organizada.

    Este nuevo analfabetismo está ligado a diversos factores como la situación económica, el nivel de escolaridad y la edad de las personas. El estudio, “Tecnología en la Sociedad Civil Mexicana” afirma que “el sector ITC (Tecnologías de Información y de Comunicación) mexicano todavía enfrenta muchas dificultades a la hora de conectar personas con menos recursos en las áreas vulnerables. Cerca de las 30 millones de personas sin teléfono móvil pertenecen a las clases socio-económicas más bajas”. En este sentido, el estudio argumenta que el alto costo de los servicios de telecomunicaciones en México ha prevenido el uso más agresivo del Internet. De acuerdo a Regina de Angoitia y a Fernando Ramirez, citados en el mismo estudio, “Entre usuarios de teléfonos móviles en la clases socio-económicas más bajas, sobre el 90 por ciento de éstos tienen planes prepagados, y gastan casi un 10 por ciento de su ingreso mensual en comunicaciones, en comparación con un 3.7 por ciento de las familias de clase media”.

    Ante esta problemática, la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de la Asamblea Legislativa del Distrito Federal (ALDF) propuso crear la Ley del Derecho al Acceso a Internet para eliminar el analfabetismo digital, promover el desarrollo de la sociedad en su conjunto y promover la participación ciudadana. Actualmente existen corredores con acceso gratuito a Internet a través de Wi-Fi en el Centro Histórico y Paseo de la Reforma en el D.F. La meta últimamente es atender a las poblaciones vulnerables en zonas donde no existe la capacidad de recibir la señal, como: Tláhuac, Gustavo A. Madero e Iztapalapa. Para hacer esto posible, se realizarán mesas de trabajo con ONGs y la Secretaría de Ciencia y Tecnología del Gobierno capitalino a fin de desarrollar una propuesta económica y tecnológicamente viable.

    Una de las realidades de esta iniciativa es que todavía no se tiene el plan técnico para llevarla a cabo. No obstante, hay esfuerzos desde la sociedad civil que se deben tomar en cuenta. Por ejemplo, el Comité para la Democratización Informática, que se dedica a crear centros comunitarios de TICs en áreas rurales y de escasos recursos con la esperanza de empoderar a una juventud marginada que través de la tecnología puede actuar como agente de cambio social. Así mismo, para fortalecer la participación ciudadana, el Centro Nacional de Comunicación Social trabaja con ONGs, organizaciones sin fines de lucro, y movimientos sociales. CENCOS asesora a estas organizaciones y movimientos con sus estrategias y prácticas de comunicación, centrándose en ayudar a grupos con la difusión de su mensaje y a construir una red de miembros a través de la Web y redes sociales.

    A través de la sociedad civil se puede fortalecer y apoyar esta iniciativa de ley, que por medio del acceso gratuito a Internet en todo el D.F., se garantizaría el derecho humano de los capitalinos de tener acceso a la información y evitar la discriminación a diversos sectores de la población.

    Foto: CDI

    María Fernanda Carvallo, Mexico City Community Manager

    Literacy, the ability to read and write, does not pose a big challenge for Mexico City. Instead, it is new and constantly changing technology and methods of communication that have pushed the population to suffer from a new kind of illiteracy: digital illiteracy. The fact that certain Mexico City residents are unable to communicate and receive information makes social inclusion impossible. In addition, basic computer skills are not enough to be digitally literate nowadays. The lack of skills needed to access technological tools limits the inhabitants of Mexico City from having their voices heard, which makes it difficult for them to fully exercise their democratic rights.

    This new form of digital illiteracy is associated with various factors, including income, education, and age. The study “Technology in Mexican Civil Society” indicates that “the ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) sector still faces difficulties in connecting low-income people in vulnerable areas to new technology and communication methods. Close to 30 million people without a mobile phone belong to low socio-economic classes.” Furthermore, the study argues that the high cost of telecommunication services in Mexico has prevented many people from accessing the Internet. According to Regina de Angoitia and Fernando Ramirez, both cited in the study, “among mobile phone users belonging to low social classes, 90 per cent have prepaid plans and use close to 10 per cent of their monthly income for communication services; in comparison, middle class families use around 3.7 per cent of their monthly income.”

    The Comisión de Derechos Humanos de la Asamblea Legislativa del Distrito Federal (Human Rights Commission of the Legislative Assembly of the Federal District) proposed the creation of a bill called Ley del Derecho al Acceso a Internet (the Right to Internet Access Act) in order to eliminate digital illiteracy, promote the development of society as a whole, and promote citizen participation. The Historic Downtown and the Paseo de la Reforma in Mexico City currently offer free wifi Internet access. ALDF’s goal is to be able to serve vulnerable populations in areas that do not have Internet connections, such as Tláhuac, Gustavo A. Madero, and Iztapalapa. In order to make this possible, working committees were put in place with members of NGOs and of the Secretaría de Ciencia y Tecnología del Gobierno Capitalino (Ministry of Science and Technology of Mexico City) with the goal of developing a proposal that will be economically and technologically feasible.

    Unfortunately, there is currently no working plan to make the free Internet access bill possible. However, there are efforts from civil society that should be noted. For example, el Comité para la Democratización Informática (the Committee for the Democratization of Information) is working on creating ICT community centers in low-income areas. Their aim is to empower marginalized youth through technology so they can become agents of social change. Similarly, in order to strengthen citizen participation, the Centro Nacional de Comunicación Social (National Center for Social Communication) works with NGOs, nonprofit organizations, and social movements by advising them with strategic and communication practices. This organization’s emphasis is helping people by spreading their message and by creating an online network using social media.

    With the help of civil society, the bill for free Internet access can gain support and be strengthened. This bill would provide free Internet access to Mexico City’s residents, guaranteeing them the human right of access to information, and would therefore help eliminate social discrimination in various sectors of the population.

    Photo credit: CDI

  • URBim | for just and inclusive cities

    Blusukan, adalah sebuah kata dalam bahasa Jawa, yang oleh The Jakarta Post diterjemahkan sebagai impromptu visit, menjadi sangat populer setelah dipakai oleh Jokowi, gubernur Jakarta. Jokowi menggunakan kata itu untuk menggambarkan kegiatannya melakukan inspeksi langsung, seringkali tanpa sepengetahuan siapapun kapan dan kemana dia pergi, bahkan tanpa diketahui oleh staf dan wartawan yang selalu mengikuti geraknya. Kita kemudian mengetahui bahwa tujuan blusukan sesungguhnya adalah untuk melakukan komunikasi langsung dengan warga masyarakat, disamping adanya berbagai tujuan resmi lainnya, seperti untuk mencek implementasi sebuah proyek, mencek pelayanan publik yang diberikan olaeh kecamatan dan kelurahan, atau sekedar untuk melihat situasi di lapangan dan untuk mendengar langsung apa yang dikeluhkan oleh warga miskin di tingkat akar rumput. Baca lebih lanjut.

    Blusukan is a Javanese word, translated by The Jakarta Post as “impromptu visit”, popularized after being used by Jokowi, the governor of Jakarta. Jokowi used the term to denote his movement to inspect directly, often without anyone knowing when and where he goes, not even his own staff nor the journalist who usually always follow his movements. We later learned that the aim of blusukan is primarily to make direct contact with the people, as well as many official reasons such as to check the implementation of a development project, to check on public services delivered by Jokowi’s subordinates at the district and village level governments, or simply to observe the situation on the field and to listen to the urban poor’s complaints at the grassroots level. Read more.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Tue, 03/25/2014 – 16:50

    Di awal tahun Kuda, berdasarkan penanggalan Cina, Indonesia mendapat hantaman banjir yang dahsyat. Kombinasi berbagai faktor, terutama hujan yang tiada henti, perubahan iklim dan kerusakan lingkungan akibat ulah manusia; telah melumpuhkan tidak hanya Jakarta, ibukota negara, namun banyak tempat laindi Jawa dan pulau-pulau lainnya. Jakarta seperti biasa selalu menjadi pusat perhatian media karena banjir mencerminkan kinerja pemerintah kota dalam menangani masalah ini. Publik melihat disamping upaya habis-habisan dari Jokowi sebagai gubernur baru dalam mencegah dampak banjir namun upaya ini tampak tak berarti karena volume air yang mencapai puncaknya akibat hujan turun setiap hari di bulan Januari. Baca lebih lanjut.

    In the beginning the Year of Horse according to the Chinese calendar, Indonesia was hit by severe flooding. A combination of factors, most notably unabated rains, climate change and manmade environmental destruction have paralyzed not only Jakarta, the capital city, but many places in Java and on other islands. Jakarta has always been the center of media attention as flooding reflects the performance of the city government in handling the case. The public noticed that despite all-out efforts by Jokowi as the new governor to curb the potential flooding, the effort seemed meaningless as the volume of water reached its peak as it pored throughout January. Read more.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Wed, 02/05/2014 – 14:59

    Jati Baru adalah sebuah kecamatan miskin dan padat penduduk di Jakarta Pusat. Kemiskinan, eksklusi social dan tawuran anak muda telah menjadi cirri-ciri umum dari komunitas kumuh ini. Didorong oleh keinginan untuk mencari jalan keluar dari masalah sisial yang akut ini beberapa orang staf pengajar dari departemen sosiologi Universitas Indonesia menyusun strategi berdasarkan temuan penelitian yang mereka lakukan tahun 2012. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami proses-proses yang bersifat sistemik dari penyakit sosial sebagaimana yang tercermin dari tawuran antar kelompok anak muda ini terjadi. Dengan asumsi bahwa fenomena tawuran adalah refleksi frustrasi terhadap aturan-aturan yang dipaksakan oleh otoritas formal di pilihlah sebuah pendekatan penelitian yang memanfaatkan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Baca lebih lanjut.

    Joharb Baru is a poor and densely-populated district in Central Jakarta. Poverty, social exclusion and youth brawls have become common features in this slum community. Motivated to find a way out of this acute social problem, a group of lecturers from the sociology department at the University of Indonesia developed a strategy based their research findings conducted in 2012. The research aimed to understand the systemic processes by which such social disease as manifested in the frequent youth brawls occurred. Assuming that the phenomena of youth brawls reflect the frustration against the imposing civic order from a formal authority, a research approach that utilized both quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted. Read more.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Wed, 12/04/2013 – 12:47

    Peristiwanya sederhana. Seorang lurah, perempuan dan beragama Kristen, yang baru diangkat, diprotes oleh sekelompok orang yang menganggap bahwa dia tidak tepat memimpin sebuah kelurahan yang mayoritasnya beragama Islam. Peristiwa ini terjadi di Kelurahan Lenteng Agung, Jakarta Selatan, di ibukota Negara Republik Indonesia. Baca lebih lanjut.

    The event looks very simple. A new appointed sub-district head, a women and a Christian, is rejected by a group of people as she is perceived to be not appropriate to lead a sub-district with a Muslim majority. This event occurred in the Lenteng Agung sub-district, South Jakarta, in the capital city of Indonesia. Read more.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Tue, 10/22/2013 – 11:22

    Menyelesaikan masalah banjir rutin (dan kemacetan jalan) bisa merupakan tes akhir bagi setiap gubernur Jakarta. Sejak hari pertama di kantornya Jokowi dan Ahok telah menjadikan penanganan banjir sebagai prioritas utama. Mereka sangat menyadari dampak banjir yang dapat mematikan dan membuat Jakarta menjadi lumpuh. Diantara berbagai cara mengurangi dampak banjir adalah mengembalikan fungsi dam dam yang semula merupakan daerah penampungan air. Baca lebih lanjut.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Mon, 09/23/2013 – 14:42

    Solving the problem of regular flooding (and traffic jams) could be the litmus test of any governor of Jakarta. Since the first day in office, Jokowi and Ahok have given top priority to resolving this flooding problem. They are very aware that the impact of flooding could be lethal and paralyzing for Jakarta. Among many other ways to reduce the impact of flooding, they are restoring the dams that were originally designed to be water catchment areas. Read more.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Mon, 09/23/2013 – 14:36

    One of the unintended results of Suharto’s New Order economic development policy and political engineering strategy is the burgeoning phenomenon of the informal sector in Indonesia’s cities. As an academic term, “informal sector” was coined in the 1970s, following the widely debated discussions on the issues of urban bias and “why the poor stay poor” prominently argued by Michael Lipton. Read more.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Fri, 08/09/2013 – 00:00

    Salah satu dampak yang tidak direncanakan dari kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi dan strategi rekayasa politik Orde Baru Suharto adalah fenomena menggelembungnya sektor informal di perkotaan. Secara akademik istilah sektor informal diperkenalkan pada tahun 1970an sebagai kelanjutan dari diskusi luas tentang isu-isu “urban bias” dan “why poor stay poor” argument utama dari Michael Lipton. Baca lebih lanjut.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Fri, 08/09/2013 – 00:00

    Dibawah kepamongan Sandyawan Sumardi, seorang sosial aktivis, sebuah komunitas miskin yang tinggal di bantaran sungai Ciliwung di wilayah yang paling padat penduduk di Jakarta telah melakukan perjuangan untuk memperoleh kembali hak-haknya sebagai warganegara dan sebagai manusia. Ciliwung adalah nama sungai yang membelah kota Jakarta, selalu membawa banjir dimusim hujan karena wilayah pegunungan diatas Jakarta telah berubah dari hutan dan resapan air menjadi vila-vila indah bagi kaum elit. Di tengah-tengah kemelaratan dan lingkungan yang buruk warga miskin dan lemah ini ternyata mampu membentuk Ciliwung Merdeka sebuah platform untuk bergerak dan untuk menyampaikan aspirasi sosial dan politik mereka sebagai warga kota dan warganegara. Baca lebih lanjut.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Fri, 07/12/2013 – 15:44

    Under the guardianship of Sandyawan Sumardi, a social activist, a poor community living on the riverbank of Ciliwung River in the most crowded area of Jakarta has been struggling to regain its human rights. Ciliwung is the name of the river that run through Jakarta and brings floods during the rainy season, as the mountainous areas above Jakarta turn from forest and water reservoir into beautiful villas for the rich. Amidst economic hardship and dire environmental conditions, this poor and vulnerable community is has set up “Ciliwung Merdeka,” or Free Ciliwung, a mobilizing platform to voice their social and political aspirations as members of the city and as Indonesian citizens. Read more.

    Submitted by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo — Fri, 07/12/2013 – 15:37

  • URBim | for just and inclusive cities

    The illiteracy rate in Bogota is slightly below 2 percent, according to official reports. This represents the best rate in Colombia. The real rate might, nevertheless, be somewhat higher, due to the constant inflow of immigrants from rural areas, where illiteracy rates are much higher, into the capital. In addition, the 2011 PIRLS report (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) suggests that the rate of functional illiteracy is quite high in the country as a whole. These problems are aggravated by an elevated rate of digital illiteracy, as high as 50 percent as suggested by a 2010 survey by the Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones. Digital illiteracy is a pressing challenge in large Latin American cities. It affects more severely the populations already at a higher risk of social exclusion, and makes it harder for them to benefit from current economic prosperity. It also affects negatively the competitiveness of local economies, which are unable to meet the challenges of an increasingly open and technology-driven world economy. Read more or join the discussion.

    Submitted by Jorge Bela — Mon, 09/02/2013 – 00:00

    La tasa de analfabetismo en Bogotá, según datos oficiales, está ligeramente por debajo del 2 por ciento, el mejor dato en todo el país. Sin embargo, es posible que la cifra real esté por encima de la oficial, debido al constante flujo migratorio desde las zonas rurales, donde la tasa de analfabetismo es considerablemente superior, hacia la capital. El informe PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) de 2011 apunta además hacia una elevada tasa de analfabetismo funcional en Colombia. A estos problemas hay que sumar una mucho más elevada tasa de analfabetismo digital, superior al 50 por ciento según un informe del Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, que está lastrando el acceso, generalmente de las personas en mayor riesgo de exclusión social, a la revolución tecnológica. El analfabetismo digital es un reto acuciante en las grandes ciudades latinoamericanas, pues aumenta la brecha que impide a los más desfavorecidos el acceso a la prosperidad económica, y reduce la competitividad de las economías locales en un mundo cada vez más conectado tecnológicamente. Leer más o discutir.

    La tasa de analfabetismo en Bogotá, según datos oficiales, está ligeramente por debajo del 2 por ciento, el mejor dato en todo el país. Sin embargo, es posible que la cifra real esté por encima de la oficial, debido al constante flujo migratorio desde las zonas rurales, donde la tasa de analfabetismo es considerablemente superior, hacia la capital. El informe PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) de 2011 apunta además hacia una elevada tasa de analfabetismo funcional en Colombia. A estos problemas hay que sumar una mucho más elevada tasa de analfabetismo digital, superior al 50 por ciento según un informe del Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, que está lastrando el acceso, generalmente de las personas en mayor riesgo de exclusión social, a la revolución tecnológica. El analfabetismo digital es un reto acuciante en las grandes ciudades latinoamericanas, pues aumenta la brecha que impide a los más desfavorecidos el acceso a la prosperidad económica, y reduce la competitividad de las economías locales en un mundo cada vez más conectado tecnológicamente. Leer más o discutir.

    Submitted by Jorge Bela — Mon, 09/02/2013 – 00:00

    In Bangladesh, where unemployment is rising and women’s participation in the labor force is low compared to other developing countries, it is clear that very basic literacy (the capacity to read and write only a few simple words) is not enough to empower Dhaka’s residents. The government of Bangladesh recognizes this and is therefore implementing the Post Literacy and Continuing Education for Human Development (PLCEHD) project, which includes educational programs and skills development trainings. Read more or join the discussion.

    Submitted by Editor — Mon, 09/02/2013 – 00:00

    El alfabetismo, entendido como el saber leer y escribir, no representa un gran reto para la Ciudad de México. No obstante, las nuevas tecnologías y comunicaciones han orillado a la población a un analfabetismo digital. El analfabetismo digital es más que saber cómo utilizar una computadora básicamente ya que está ligado actualmente a las tecnologías de información que funcionan como canal de interlocución, y así es como se crea un medio de exclusión social en un sentido negativo. Esta falta de destreza para acceder y utilizar las herramientas disponibles es una limitación para los habitantes del D.F. y un gran obstáculo para ejercer la ciudadanía y la voz de una comunidad organizada. Leer más o discutir.

    Literacy, the ability to read and write, does not pose a big challenge for Mexico City. Instead, it is new and constantly changing technology and methods of communication that have pushed the population to suffer from a new kind of illiteracy: digital illiteracy. The fact that certain Mexico City residents are unable to communicate and receive information makes social inclusion impossible. In addition, basic computer skills are not enough to be digitally literate nowadays. The lack of skills needed to access technological tools limits the inhabitants of Mexico City from having their voices heard, which makes it difficult for them to fully exercise their democratic rights. Read more or join the discussion.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 09/02/2013 – 00:00

    Literacy, the ability to read and write, does not pose a big challenge for Mexico City. Instead, it is new and constantly changing technology and methods of communication that have pushed the population to suffer from a new kind of illiteracy: digital illiteracy. The fact that certain Mexico City residents are unable to communicate and receive information makes social inclusion impossible. In addition, basic computer skills are not enough to be digitally literate nowadays. The lack of skills needed to access technological tools limits the inhabitants of Mexico City from having their voices heard, which makes it difficult for them to fully exercise their democratic rights. Read more or join the discussion.

    Submitted by Maria Fernanda Carvallo — Mon, 09/02/2013 – 00:00

    Fenomena anak jalanan (Anjal) merupakan permasalahan sosial yang hadir terutama di kota-kota besar. Menurut data Kementerian Sosial RI (Kemensos) saat ini di Indonesia secara keseluruhan terdapat sekitar 4,5 juta anak terlantar. Untuk Jakarta sendiri anak terlantar mencapai lebih dari 230.000 anak. Mereka dengan mudah ditemui setiap traffic light, halte bis, pasar dan berbagai tempat-tempat umum lainnya. Umumnya mereka bekerja sebagai pengamen, penyemir sepatu, peminta-minta maupun penjual makanan kecil di jalanan dan bahkan beberapa dari mereka membentuk geng yang kerap membuat onar dan meresahkan masyarakat. Baca lebih lanjut atau bergabung dalam diskusi.

    Submitted by widya anggraini — Mon, 08/05/2013 – 00:00

    India’s landmark Right to Education Act shows the country’s increasing investment in, and emphasis on, free education for all. The goals are to improve the school system, quality of teaching and student attendance. At the primary school level, significant strides have been made in enrollment, particularly in urban areas. However, many at-risk youth forego secondary school, opting instead to work or attend night school. If they do continue their education, their job prospects rarely stretch beyond avenues they have seen their parents or local community members take: tailors, carpenters, drivers, maids or factory workers. Read more or join the discussion.

    Submitted by Carlin Carr — Mon, 08/05/2013 – 00:00

    Education is crucial for a bright future, but Nigeria’s 2012 unemployment rate was 23.9 percent. The nation’s youth, both educated and uneducated, bears the brunt of this unemployment. The problem arises not only from lack of employment opportunities, but from lack of employable skills. Lagos has a large population but has managed to have the lowest level of unemployment amongst the nations’ 36 states: 7.6 percent. The city has been able to attain this rate due to a number reasons: some might attribute it to the wealth of companies and industries, which is plausible. However, the contributions of the government and civil society organisations that encourage youth entrepreneurship, job placements, skills acquisition, and education schemes are an important piece of the puzzle. Read more or join the discussion.

    Submitted by Wura — Mon, 08/05/2013 – 00:00

    Even though Rio de Janeiro offers good coverage of basic public education, there are important gaps in terms of quality. Historically, low-income and violent neighborhoods in Rio have suffered from the highest school drop-out rates and the worst scores in standard tests. But this situation is changing, and faster than expected, thanks to the “Schools of Tomorrow” program, known locally as Escolas do Amanhã. Read more or join the discussion.

    Submitted by Catalina Gomez — Mon, 08/05/2013 – 00:00

    Embora Rio de Janeiro apresente boas taxas de cobertura de ensino básico, ainda existem importantes desafios na melhora da qualidade. Historicamente os bairros de baixa renda e aqueles afetados pela violência são aqueles que apresentam maiores taxas de evasão escolar e pior desempenho no Índice de Educação Básica (IDEB). Felizmente, esta situação está mudando principalmente com o apoio do programa Escolas do Amanhã. Leia mais o discutir.

    Even though Rio de Janeiro offers good coverage of basic public education, there are important gaps in terms of quality. Historically, low-income and violent neighborhoods in Rio have suffered from the highest school drop-out rates and the worst scores in standard tests. But this situation is changing, and faster than expected, thanks to the “Schools of Tomorrow” program, known locally as Escolas do Amanhã. Read more or join the discussion.

    Submitted by Catalina Gomez — Mon, 08/05/2013 – 00:00